THE ENHANCED BROWN-DRIVER-BRIGGS HEBREW AND ENGLISH LEXICON

With an appendix containing the Biblical Aramaic

Based on the lexicon of William Gesenius, as translated by Edward Robinson, and edited with constant reference to the thesaurus of Gesenius as completed by E. Rédiger, and with authorized use of the German editions of Gesenius’ Handwéterbuch tiber das Alte Testament

Francis Brown, D.D., D.Litt.

Davenport Professor of Hebrew and the Cognate Languages in the Union Theological Seminary with the cooperation of

S. R. Driver, D.D., Litt.D. Regius Professor of Hebrew, and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford

and

Charles A. Briggs, D.D., D.Litt. Edward Robinson Professor of Biblical Theology in the Union Theological Seminary

ENHANCED BROWN-DRIVER-BRIGGS HEBREW AND ENGLISH LEXICON , with an appendix containing the Biblical Aramaic, based on the lexicon of William Gesenius as translated by Edward Robinson, by Francis Brown, with the cooperation of S. R. Driver and Charles A. Briggs.

Based on the 1906 edition originally published by Clarendon Press: Oxford. References to Strong’s Concordance , Theological Wordbook of the Old

Testament , and Goodrich-Kohlenberger numbers have been added by Logos Research Systems, Inc.

PUBLISHER’S PREFACE TO THE ENHANCED EDITION

THE EDITION HERE PRESENTED of Francis Brown, R. Driver, and Charles Briggs’ Hebrew and English Lexicon is based on an Oxford edition as re-printed and corrected in 1951 by Francis Brown’s son. This Logos electronic edition qualifies as “enhanced” for the following reasons:

First, to each appropriate headword we have added references to Strong's Concordance , Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament , and/or Goodrich- Kohlenberger numbers. Each BDB entry can therefore be compared instantly with the equivalent entries in any Logos Library System book that supports these numbering schemes.

Second, the “Addenda et Corrigenda” listed at the end of the 1951 edition have been integrated into the text. Some additional minor corrections have been undertaken, though only when the printed edition was obviously in error.

Third, we have changed the layout of the book for maximum on-screen readability. We have set the book so that derivative forms are indented slightly so that the reader can clearly see which entries are roots and which are derivatives. Further, we have increased the line spacing throughout the book to ease the burden of distinguishing one line from another.

Finally, this electronic edition of BDB has been fully integrated into the Logos Library System, and can work in concert with any number of other LLS titles. All the headwords in BDB are listed as both Hebrew and Hebrew-Lemma topics, so one can use BDB as a keylink destination for those languages. That means any book in your library can be set up to look up any Hebrew word or Hebrew lemma in BDB by double-clicking on that word. You can also set the keylink destination for Strong’s numbers to go to BDB, which will cause any Strong’s number keylink in your library to use BDB as its destination. This can be particularly useful with the “View Inline Strong’s/TVM” feature in some English Bibles, notably the King James Version. See “ Keylinks ” in the User’s Guide for more information on setting keylink destinations.

OAK HARBOR, WASHINGTON DECEMBER , 2000

PREFACE TO THE OXFORD EDITION

THE NEED OF A NEW HEBREW AND ENGLISH LEXICON of the Old Testament has been so long felt that no elaborate explanation of the appearance of the present work seems called for. Wilhelm Gesenius, the father of modern Hebrew Lexicography, died in 1842. His Lexicon Manuale Hebraicum et Chaldaicum in V.T. Libros , representing a much riper stage of his lexicographical work than his earlier Hebrew dictionaries, was published in 1833, and the corresponding issue of his Hebrdisches und Chalddisches Handworterbuch liber das Alte Testament , upon which the later German editions more or less directly depend, appeared in 1834. The Thesaurus philologicus Criticus Linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti , begun by Gesenius some years earlier, and not completed at his death, was substantially finished by Roediger in 1853, although the concluding part, containing Indices, Additions, and Corrections, was not published until 1858. The results of Gesenius’s most advanced work were promptly put before English-speaking students. In 1824 appeared Gibbs’s translation of the Neues Hebrdisch-deutsches Handworterbuch , issued by Gesentus in 1815, and in 1836 Edward Robinson published his translation of the Latin work of 1833. This broad-minded, sound, and faithful scholar added to the successive editions of the book in its English form the newest materials and conclusions in the field of Hebrew word-study, receiving large and valuable contributions in manuscript from Gesenius himself, and, after the latter’s death, carefully incorporating into his translation the substance of the Thesaurus , as its fasciculi appeared.

But the last revision of Robinson’s Gesenius was made in 1854, and Robinson died in 1863. The last English edition of Gesenius, prepared by Tregelles, and likewise including additions from the Thesaurus , dates as far back as 1859. In the meantime Semitic studies have been pursued on all hands with energy and success. The language and text of the Old Testament have been subjected to a minute and searching inquiry before unknown. The languages cognate with Hebrew have claimed the attention of specialists in nearly all civilized countries. Wide fields of research have been opened, the very existence of which was a surprise, and have invited explorers. Arabic, ancient and modern, Ethiopic, with its allied dialects, Aramaic, in its various literatures and localities, have all yielded new treasures; while the discovery and decipherment of inscriptions from Babylonia and Assyria, Phoenicia, Northern Africa, Southern Arabia, and other old abodes of Semitic peoples, have contributed to a far more comprehensive and accurate knowledge of the Hebrew vocabulary in its sources and its usage than was possible forty or fifty years ago. In Germany an attempt has been made to keep pace with advancing knowledge by frequent editions of the Handworterbuch , as well as by the brilliant and suggestive, though unequal, Worterbuch of Siegfried and Stade (in 1892-3), but in England and America there has not been heretofore even so much as a serious attempt.

The present Editors consider themselves fortunate in thus having the opportunity afforded by an evident demand. Arrangements have been made whereby the rights connected with ‘Robinson’s Gesenius’ are carried over to the present work, and exclusive authority to use the most recent German editions has been secured ' . They have felt,

1 The eleventh German edition appeared in 1890, the year before the First Part of the present Lexicon was issued, under the editorship of Professors Mihlau and Volck, of Dorpat, who had prepared the eighth, ninth, and tenth also. The twelfth edition, in 1895,

however, that the task which they had undertaken could not be rightly discharged by merely adding new knowledge to the old, or by substituting more recent opinions for others grown obsolete, or by any other form of superficial revision. At an early stage of the work they reached the conviction that their first and perhaps chief duty was to make a fresh and, as far as possible, exhaustive study of the Old Testament materials, determine the actual uses of words by detailed examination of every passage, comparing, at the same time, their employment in the related languages, and thus fix their proper meanings in Hebrew.

In the matter of etymologies they have endeavoured to carry out the method of sound philology, making it their aim to exclude arbitrary and fanciful conjectures, and in cases of uncertainty to afford the student the means of judging of the materials on which a decision depends. They could not have been satisfied to pursue the course chosen by Professors Siegfried and Stade in excluding the etymological feature almost entirely from their lexicon. This method deprives the student of all knowledge as to the extra-Biblical history and relationship of his words, and of the stimulus to study the cognate languages, and lessens his opportunity of growing familiar with the modes of word-formation. It greatly simplifies, of course, the task of the lexicographer. The Editors acknowledge, at once, that their labours would have ended much sooner if they had not included the etymology of words, and they are sensible of the exposure to criticism at a thousand points which results from their undertaking to do so. They have cheerfully assumed this burden, and are ready to accept this criticism, from which they hope to learn much. Here, if anywhere, it is certain that results must, in many cases, long remain provisional. They have preferred to make what contribution they could to the final settlement of these difficult questions. For like reasons they have been unwilling to follow Buhl in excluding the explanation of the meaning of proper names, hazardous as such explanations often are.

That the Editors have made use of the Thesaurus of Gesenius on every page, with increasing admiration for the tireless diligence, philological insight, and strong good sense of this great Lexicographer, and recognition of Robinson’s wisdom in allowing him to speak directly to English students by the admirable translation and editorship of the Lexicon Manuale , need not be further emphasized. They have also made free reference to Gesenius’s Hebrew Grammar, in the successive editions prepared by Professor

marked an era in the history of this useful dictionary, for with it began the careful editorship of Professor Frants Buhl, of Copenhagen, then at Leipzig, who issued the thirteenth edition, also, in 1899, and, after a very thorough revision, the fourteenth in 1905. None of these editions had the exact scope of the present work, and none of them absolved the Editors in any degree from personal investigation of the entire material. The Editors have, however, derived much benefit from the German work, and especially from the contributions to it of Professor Buhl and his co-labourers, Professors Socin and Zimmern. Unfortunately the present Lexicon—with the exception of the Appendix—was almost entirely in type when the fourteenth edition appeared, and adequate use of its new material, especially its extensive references to current philological literature must be reserved for a later opportunity.

Kautzsch, follower of Gesenius at Halle, and, since 1898, to the excellent English translation of this book made by Messrs. Collins and Cowley, which appeared in that year. The grammars of Ewald, Olshausen, Bottcher, Stade, August Miiller, and K6nig, the Syntax of A. B. Davidson, and other grammatical works have been cited as occasion required. Néldeke’s contributions to Hebrew Lexicography and Grammar have been constantly used, with the works of Lagarde and Barth on the formation of nouns, of Gerber on denominative verbs, and many which cannot be catalogued here. All the critical commentaries, and a great number and variety of textual, topographical, and geographical works, with monographs and articles bearing on every possible aspect of Old Testament language, have been examined.

The published materials for the study of the languages cognate with Hebrew have reached such proportions as to tax even the most industrious in any extended comparison of kindred words. For the Arabic, constant use has been made of the dictionaries of Lane, Freytag, Dozy, Wahrmund, the Beirit Fathers, and others besides. The Editors have found themselves sharing with peculiar keenness in the unavailing regret of scholars that Mr. Lane’s magnificent plan of complete Arabic lexicography was not destined to be realized. Frankel’s Aramdische Fremdworter im Arabischen has been constantly used. For the vast and increasing storehouse of Assyrian—as yet most imperfectly explored— the dictionaries of Delitzsch, and, as far as the times of its appearance allowed, Muss- Arnolt have been employed, as well as Meissner’s Supplement , and many special vocabularies. Paul Haupt, Bezold, Guyard, Strassmaier, Zimmern, Jensen, Winckler, Scheil, Sayce, King, Johns, R. F. Harper, and many writers in the Zeitschrift fiir Assyriologie , the Beitrdge zur Assyriologie und Semitischen Sprachwissenschaft , and other publications, have been laid under contribution. A place of honour must here be given to Eberhard Schrader, the founder of Assyriology in Germany, whose fruitful work has been prematurely cut short by impaired health, and the Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek begun by him is mentioned here many times. Winckler is of course recognized as the chief editor of the inscriptions from Tel el-Amarna. For Syriac, the Thesaurus of R. Payne Smith and the Lexicon of Brockelmann have been always at hand, with Castell accessible in case of need. Constant reference has been made to Néldeke’s Syrische Grammatik (now, fortunately, translated), as well as his older works, the Neu-Syrische Grammatik , and the priceless Manddische Grammatik . Duval and Nestle also have been laid under contribution. The Aramaic of the Targums and other Jewish-Aramaic documents, as well as the post-Biblical Hebrew have been examined in the dictionaries, of Buxtorf, J. Levy, Jastrow, and Dalman, the collections of Bacher, the grammars of Strack, Marti, and Dalman, the editions of Lagarde, Berliner, and Merx, as well as the older publications. The Christian Aramaic of Palestine has been studied in the treatment of Schwally and Schulthess. In the Aramaic Appendix frequent references have been made not only to the grammars of Kautzsch and Dalman, but also to Krauss’s Griechische u. Lateinische Lehnworter im Talmud , and especially to the independent and valuable pamphlets of Scheftelowitz; Arisches im Alten Testament I and II. The Hebrew text of Ecclesiasticus has been used in the primary editions of Schechter, of Neubauer and Cowley, of Schechter and Taylor, of E. N. Adler, G. Margoliouth, I. Lévi and Gaster, as well as in the more compact editions of Strack and Lévi, and the admirable facsimile issued by the Clarendon Press. Dillmann has been the main authority for Ethiopic, with

resort, from time to time, to Pratortus and Charles. North-Semitic inscriptions have yielded their material through the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum , the Répertoire d’Epigraphie Sémitique , the collections of de Vogiié, Euting, and others, and, especially in recent years, by the aid of the Handbooks of Lidzbarski and G. A. Cooke, and the Glossary of S. A. Cook. The important Aramaic texts from Egypt, of the fifth century B.C. which have been just published by Cowley and Sayce, have also been utilized for the Aramaic Lexicon. The lexical matter of Southern Arabia has been gathered from the Corpus , from the inscriptions published by Osiander, M. Levy, Halévy, Mordtmann, D. H. Miller (including the discoveries of Langer), Glaser, and others. Egyptian parallels have been adduced mainly from Wiedemann, Bondi, Erman, Steindorff and Spiegelberg, with occasional reference to Lepsius, Brugsch and Ebers. In all these departments, where active work is going on, fugitive materials have of course been found in many places, often scattered and sometimes remote.

It has been the purpose to recognize good textual emendations, but not to swell the list by conjectures which appeared to lack a sound basis. There is still much to do in textual criticism, and much which has been done since the printing of this Lexicon began would receive recognition if extensive revision were now possible. Among the critical discussion of the Hebrew texts which have been frequently used are those of Geiger, Graetz, Wellhansen ( Samuel, Minor Prophets ), Perles, Oort, Cornill ( Ezekiel, Jeremiah ), Beer ( Job ), Driver ( Samuel ), Burney ( Kings ), the several Parts of the Polychrome Bible, the Notes by translators in Kautzsch’s Altes Testament , as well as those found in the Commentaries (especially the two recently completed series published under the editorship of Nowack and Marti, respectively, and the Old Testament volumes of the International Critical Commentary, edited by Professors Briggs and Driver), and in many periodicals.

As to the arrangement of the work, the Editors decided at an early stage of their preparations to follow the Thesaurus , and the principal dictionaries of other Semitic languages, in classifying words according to their stems, and not to adopt the purely alphabetical order which has been common in Hebrew dictionaries. The relation of Semitic derivatives to the stems is such as to make this method of grouping them an obvious demand from the scientific point of view. It is true that practical objections to it may be offered, but these do not appear convincing. One is that it compels the Editor to seem to decide, by placing each word under a given stem, some questions of etymology which in his own mind are still open. The number of such cases, however, is comparatively small, and the uncertainty can always be expressed by a word of caution. And even if the objection were much more important it would be better to assume the burden of it, in order to give students of Hebrew, from the outset, the immense advantage of familiarity with the structure and formative laws of the Hebrew vocabulary in their daily work. Another objection incidental to this arrangement is thought to be the increased difficulty of reference. This difficulty will diminish rapidly as students advance in knowledge, and by the practice of setting words formed by prefix or affix—or otherwise hard for the beginner to trace—a second time in their alphabetical place, with cross-references, it is hoped to do away with the difficulty almost entirely.

The Aramaic of the Bible has been separated from the Hebrew, and placed by itself at the end of the book, as a separate and subordinate element of the language of the Old Testament. This is a change from that older practice which, since it was adopted here, has been made also by Siegfried and Stade, and by Buhl, and which the Editors believe will commend itself on grounds of evident propriety.

The question of adding an English-Hebrew Index has been carefully considered. With reluctance it has been decided, for practical reasons, not to do so. The original limits proposed for the Lexicon have already been far exceeded, and the additional time, space, and cost which an Index would require have presented a barrier which the Editors could not see their way to remove.

The work of preparing the Lexicon has been divided as follows:—The articles written by Professor Driver include all pronouns, prepositions, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, and other particles, together with some nouns whose principal use (with or without a preposition) is adverbial; also some entire stems of which only one derivative is

used adverbially: e.g. 1. 772, ava (not 3y72 i Paes care 6 555 , OND, YIN; but in the case of O91, 73], 2°20 ,1. VAY, 292) and PY (sub 7Y ), OY, AMY , ]Y? (sub TY ), among others, Professor Driver’s responsibility does not go beyond the particular words. Under 17]5 he is responsible for the treatment of °J5 with prepositions prefixed. He has prepared a few other articles, as well; e.g. DN JIL 772, 2d pie mwa sk tals

1 , WY7), 17 -M. In addition to articles for which he is exclusively responsible, he has read all the proofs, and made many suggestions.

The following articles have been prepared by Professor Briggs ' ; they are in the main terms important to Old Testament Religion, Theology, and Psychology, and words related to these :—

WIN, JIN, LIAN, DIN IL TIN LINN, IN, IN, DON, TN, IL TIN SL VON, TDN, I. JON, TIN, TW, OWN, TWN (but not TWN); UND, 722,172, WI, WMD, MVD, PI Mot [ PD], PD), WD, Ww, TMA, VI, Wea, LN, m2,772,1.72, 792, WW, 7; 4N2, 1.982, 923,792,972, 772, 7793 (not 22), WA; ID, PT; 7 (incl. TVA); MAT, LWW, AN, LAI, VT, PA; aN, DIN, LIN, NON, PN, ODN, TW. 29N, WOON, 1. 130 (not O37), LON, AON, YON, PPn, AN, LOAN, 19, AWN, Wr; 7, 2, Nov; 1 UN? AT, aw, DO TP RA a 9 es TD, 1. FIs 905: OVS; 1 85:

1 Except where words are pointed, or special restrictions made, it is generally to be understood that Professor Briggs is responsible for all words belonging to the stem whose letters are given. Proper names, and much of the etymological material, especially in the last two-thirds of the book, form a standing exception, nor is Professor Briggs responsible for any part of the Biblical Aramaic.

3993 ,YID, NID; IN? , 227, 77, 7O7; 1 OND, MN, Lan, am, 29 , AND, nigga, 7, nw, 1 2W O82, 802,972, 972,10. 201, on], 701, 1.701, wal, 1,081, 981,171,972, 071; 710,779,990; 72, TY, TL. Ty, I. PY, TTY, TY (not 9YD , 9Y), OY, DY, TL. mY, PAY: LIND, TID, NID, 94D 1. OD,

YW): NOS, PIS, TIS; WIP, IP LWP APP, NIP, Lp, Oop, 1 ANP; 377,007,919, LO, L yy, aE, yw: qo: DiNw, naw aw, maw TW, LR vw ,anw pw, Dw obw, wow pw mw; oan, ayn, ayn.

Professor Brown is responsible for all articles and parts of articles not included in the above statements, as well as for the arrangement of the book and the general editorial oversight.

The work has consumed a much longer time than was anticipated at the outset. Twenty-three years have passed since it was undertaken, and nearly fifteen since the issue of the First Part, in June, 1891. Several causes have prevented an earlier completion of it. Not only have the Editors been engaged in the active duties of their professorships, to which they were obliged to subordinate even so important a work as this, but they have more than once encountered serious interruptions from unforeseen circumstances of a personal nature. But, above all, the task itself has proved a greater one than they supposed it to be. The field has been large, the questions have been many, and often difficult, the consideration of usage, involved, as it is, with that of textual change and of fresh proposals in exegesis, has required an enormous amount of time; the study of etymologies is involved with masses of new material, rapidly increasing and as yet imperfectly published and digested; the critical discussion of the many related topics is of great extent and scattered through many books and periodicals. Even tentative conclusions can be reached often only through a careful weighing of facts yielded by prolonged investigation. And so the process has gone on year after year. The Editors are quite aware that the patience of purchasers has been put to a severe test. They would be glad to think that they may find in the result a partial compensation.

They know, indeed, that this result is far from perfect. Their most earnest care has not been able to exclude errors; the First Part, in particular, was printed under unfavourable conditions, and the years since the earlier Parts were issued have brought new knowledge at many points. It was not possible, nor would it have been just to owners of these Parts, to make considerable changes in the plates. Such changes have been limited, almost wholly, to obvious misprints, and occasional errors in citation. A selected, and restricted, list of some of the more important ‘ Addenda et Corrigenda ’ is appended to the volume. The Editors venture to hope that in the future they may be able to utilize the additional material which is now in their hands.

A list of abbreviations was issued with Part I. This has been now revised and enlarged, and it is hoped that by its aid the abbreviations made necessary by the fullness of reference, on the one hand, and the requirements of space, on the other, will be quite intelligible.

Thanks are due to many scholars who have shown an interest in the work, and have contributed to its value by their suggestions. Prominent among these are Professor Hermann L. Strack, D.D., of Berlin; Professor George F. Moore, D.D., of Harvard University; and, for the Biblical Aramaic, Stanley A. Cook, Esq., of Cambridge, who has kindly read the proofs of the Aramaic Appendix, and made various additions and improvements. Dr. Eberhard Nestle, of Maulbronn, Professors Theodor Noldeke, of Strassburg, Henry Preserved Smith, D.D., of Amherst, Mass., Thomas Kelly Cheyne, D.D., of Oxford, Richard J. H. Gottheil, Ph.D., of Columbia University, New York, A. F. Kirkpatrick, D.D., and William Emery Barnes, D.D., of Cambridge, T. W. Davies, of the University College of North Wales, and Max Margolis, of the University of California, as well as Mr. H. W. Sheppard, of Bromley, Kent, and others, have laid the Editors under obligation by sending important comments, or lists of corrections. Any further communications which may advance the cause of Hebrew scholarship, and promote a more thorough comprehension of the Old Testament Scriptures by supplying material for a possible future edition of the Lexicon, will be cordially welcomed.

It is impossible to bring this Preface to a close without especial reference to the relations between the Editors and their Publishers, in America and in England. The new Hebrew Lexicon owes its origin to Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin and Company, of Boston, Mass., holders of the copyright of ‘Robinson’s Gesenius,’ and long its publishers. The present editors were authorized by them to undertake the work as a revision of that book. The late Mr. Henry O. Houghton, senior member of the firm, gave the project his especial attention, devoting much time to personal conference with the American editors, and making a visit to Oxford for a discussion of the matter with Professor Driver, and with the Delegates of the Clarendon Press, whose co-operation he secured. It is a matter of deep regret that his life was not spared to see the completion of an enterprise in which he took so sympathetic an interest. We desire to record our appreciation of that interest, and of the considerate patience with which he—and the other members of this publishing- house beth before and since his death—have met the delays in finishing the work.

We are under similar obligations to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press. Since assuming a share in this enterprise they have shown unfailing regard for it as a serious contribution to Hebrew learning. The Editors have many courtesies to acknowledge from successive Secretaries of the Clarendon Press, the late Master of Pembroke, Professor Bartholomew Price, D.D., P. Lyttleton Gell, Esq., and C. Cannan, Esq.

We desire to express our thanks to the printers, to whose painstaking care in the composition—made complicated and difficult by the great variety of type, including half a dozen founts of foreign characters—in the correcting and in the press-work, the excellent appearance of the page is due; to Horace Hart, M.A., under whose direction they have worked; and not least to J. C. Pembrey, M. A., chief Oriental proof-reader, whose sharp eye little escapes, and whose personal enthusiasm is always concentrated upon the book in hand.

The merits of the work—if it have them—are dependent to a large degree on the hearty co-operation of all these, whose service we gratefully acknowledge.

In thus sending out into the world a book to which have gone many years of life and much persistent effort, our most earnest wish is that it shall be of real use to students, as a key with which they may unlock for themselves the rich treasure-house of the Old Testament.

The Editors. March , 1906.

NOTE

The present reprint of the Hebrew Lexicon is a mere re-issue in which only small corrections, which can be made in the sheets without resetting, have been incorporated; but they are many hundreds in number. ” These have been drawn from my father’s and my own notes or supplied by colleagues and correspondents, whose assistance I am happy to acknowledge; ~ and I hope that they will continue and that others, reading this note, will commence sending me corrections and improvements for future editions. I may add, for the information of all those who use this dictionary, that a supplement to contain as much as possible of the new information or discoveries made available since its original publication is in course of preparation.

G. R. DRIVER.

1 November 1951.

MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORD. ABBREVIATIONS A = Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint. ABA = _ Abhandlungen d. Berliner Akademie d. Wissenschaften .

* References to the Addenda et Corrigenda are indicated by an asterisk (*) in the text.

+ Notably L. E. Binns, E. F. F. Bishop, L. H. Brockington, F. G. Carruthers, A. Daw, J. A. Emerton, T. H. Gaster, R. M. Gray, J. E. K. Haddick, J. Halpern, J. J. Heller, R. L. Hicks, A. M. Honeyman, R. H. Hosking, +P. Jotion, fC. Lattey, fH. M. J. Loewe, W. D. McHardy, T. W. Manson, E. Pearson, C. Roth, H. H. Rowley, A. Shaffer, H. W. Shephard, N. Snaith, H. F. D. Sparks, S. B. Sperry, D. Staple, }W. B. Stevenson, E. F. Sutcliffe, D. W. Thomas, F. R. Tomes, ¢C. E. White.

abs. = _ absolute.

abstr. = abstract.

Abulf = Abulfeda.

Ac = Academy (London).

acc. = accusative (direct obj. etc.).

acc.cogn. = acc. of cognate meaning with verb. acc. pers. = acc. of person.

acc.rei = acc. of thing.

acc.to = according to.

act. = active.

adj. = adjective.

adv. = adverb.

AE =~ Aben Ezra.

AGG = _ Abhandlungen d. Gottinger Gesellsch. d. Wissenschaften . AGI = _ Assyrian & English Glossary, Johns Hopkins University. AJPh = American Journal of Philology.

AJSL = — American Journal of Semitic Languages.

Ak. = Akkadian.

al. = _ etaliter , and elsewhere; also et alii , and others. Albr = _ K. Albrecht.

alttest((am). = alttestamentliche(r,s) .

alw. = _ always.

obj. object.

acc. accusative (direct obj. etc.)

Am =~ Amos.

Am.J.Sem.Lang. = AJSL, q.v. AmRV =~ American RV.

Andr =~ Andreas.

Andr“ == 7d. , in Marti’s Aramaic Grammatik . Aq = Aquila.

AR = _ Andover Review.

Ar. =~ Arabic.

Aram. = Aramaic, Aramaism. Arch. = _ Archaeology.

ARSK = _ A.R.S. Kennedy. As. = __ Assyrian.

Asrb. = _ Assurbanipal.

Asm. = AssurnaSirpal .

A.T. = Altes Testament.

Ath. = Athenaeum (London). Av. = _ Avesta, Avestan.

AV = _ Authorized Version. AW = _ Abu’! Walid.

A&W =~ Abel & Winckler, Keilschrifttexte , Glossary. AZ = Agyptische Zeitschrift . B = _ Vatican MS. of Septuagint.

q.v. quod vide.

Ba = _ J. Barth.

Ba Id. , Erklarung des Jesaias

Ba’S = Id. , Etymologische Studien

Ba“? = Id. , Nominalbildung .

Ba =~ K.C. Bahr.

Bab. = _ Babylonian.

Bacher = _ W. Bacher.

Bacher "™"°' = Td. , Alteste Terminologie der jiidischen Schriftauslegung . Bachm = J. Bachmann.

Bad = _ K. Badeker.

Bad'* = Badeker’s Egypt

Bad’ = Badeker’s Palestine.

Bae = _ F. Baethgen.

Bae **' or Bae 8 == ___—Beitrige zur Semitischen Religionsgeschichte . Baen = _ B. Baentsch.

Bahr = _ K.C. Bahr.

Babr°’™ = Bahr, Symbolik des Mosaischen Cultus .

BAL = _ C.Bezold, Babylonisch-Assyrische Literatur .

B.Aram. = _ Biblical Aramaic.

BarHeb(r) = _ Bar Hebraeus.

BAS = _ Beitrage zur Assyriologie u. Semit. Sprachwissenschaft , edd. DI & Hpt Bau(d) = W. von Baudissin.

DI Friedrich Delitzsch.

Hpt Sacred Books of the O.T., ed. Hpt (Polychrome Bible).

Bau®' = 7d. , Studien zur Semitischen Religionsgeschichte Bau" == Yd. , Geschichte des Alttestamentlichen Priesterthums . Bd. = _ Bad, q.v.

BD = _ Baer & Delitzsch, Heb. Text.

Be =_ E.Bertheau.

Bed = _ Bedouin.

beg = __ beginning.

Behrm = _ G. Behrmann.

Belsh. = _ Belshazzar.

Benn = W.H. Bennett.

Benz = _ J. Benzinger.

Benz" = Id. , Hebriiische Archiologie .

Berggren = J. Berggren, Guide Frangais-Arabe Vulgaire . Berliner"°™ = A. Berliner, Targum of Onkelos.

Berthol = _ A. Bertholet.

BeRy = _ Bertheau’s Comm., ed. by Ryssel.

Bev = _ A.A. Bevan.

Bez = _ C. Bezold.

BH = _ Biblical Hebrew.

Bi =~ G. Bickell.

Bl = _ F. Bleek.

Bla = _ J.S. Black.

Heb. Hebrew.

Comm. Commentary, Commentaries, Commentators.

BlochS) = A. Bloch, Phénizisches Glossar .

Bmg =~ A.J. Baumgartner.

Bo = _ S. Bochart.

BoM = Td. , Hierozoicon.

B6 = __ F. Bottcher.

Bé’,orBé'" = Zd., Lehrbuch d. Hebr. Sprache

BoM = Id. , Ahrenlese, or Neue Ahrenlese

Bo™ = Id. , De Inferis

BoP = Id. , Proben alttest. Schrifterklarung .

Bondi = J. H. Bondi, Hebr. Lehnworter in Hieroglyphischen.... Texten . BOR = _ Babylonian & Oriental Record.

Br = _ C.A. Briggs.

Bree Id. , General Introduction to the Study of Holy Scripture Br" = Jd. , Higher Criticism of the Hexateuch

Br“? == Td. , Messianic Prophecy.

Braun “ Vest Seeerd/ = = ‘J. Braunius, Vestitus Sacerdotum Hebraeorum . Brd = _ C.Bredenkamp.

Brock =~ C. Brockelmann, especially Jd. , Lexicon Syriacum .

Bu =~ K. Budde.

Bu®S = 7d. , Richter u. Samuel

Bu" = Id. , Die biblische Urgeschichte .

Buhl = Frants Buhl, especially as editor of eds. '* '* of Gesenius’s Handworterbuch tiber das A.T.

Buhl S@") = Jd. , Geographie des Alten Palastina

Buhl ®°™ = Id. , Geschichte der Edomiter .

Bur =~ C.F. Burney.

Burckh = J. L. Burckhardt, especially Jd. , Travels in Syria, etc.

Bux = __ J. Buxtorf.

Bz =~ C.Bezold.

c. = circa, about; also cum with.

Ca = C.P. Caspari.

Calv = — John Calvin.

Capp = _— J. Cappel.

Cappad. = Cappadocia.

Castell = Edward Castell.

Castle = Castell.

caus. = causative.

Cels == ~~, Celsius, Hierobotanicon.

cf. = confer , compare.

1Ch,2Ch = 1&2 Chronicles.

Champoll = J. F. Champollion.

Che =~ T.K. Cheyne.

Che®™S = = Id. , Founders of Old Testament Criticism

A.T. Altes Testament.

Che) HP" = Td. , Isaiah, in Hpt ’s Sacred Books of the OT (‘Polychrome Bible’), Eng. Trans. , and Heb. Text

Che’ = Jd. , Introduction to Isaiah

Che°’ = 7d. , Origin and Religious Contents of the Psalter. ChGn =~ G. Smith’s Chald. Genesis, Germ. ed.

Chron = Chronicles; also Chronicon (e.g. , Euseb‘" ). Chr-Pal. = Christian-Palestinian Aramaic.

ChWB = _ J. Levy, Chaldaisches Worterbuch .

Cilic. = Cilician (Aramaic).

CIS = _— Corpus Inscript. Semiticarum .

ClGann = _ Clermont-Ganneau.

Co = C.H.Cornill.

coll. = collective.

Comm. = Commentary, Commentaries, Commentators. comp. = compare, compares, comparative.

concr. = _ concrete.

conj. = conjecture(s); also conjunction.

consec. = consecutive.

constr. = construction.

contr. = contract, contracted.

Cook = _ Stanley A. Cook.

Cooke = G.A. Cooke.

OT Old Testament.

Eng. Trans. English Translation.

COT = TheCuneiform Inscr. & the Old Test. (Eng. Trans. of KAT ’, by O. H.

Whitehouse). Cowley = A.E. Cowley. cp. = compare. cpd. = compound, compounded. CR = _— Comptes Rendus. cstr. = construct. Ct = Canticles = Song of Solomon. Cuche = _ /d., Dictionnaire Arabe-Frangais . D = _ Deuteronomist in Dt., in other books Deuteronomic author or redactor. D (in Biblical Aramaic Appendix) = — G. Dalman, usually /d. , Aramaisches- Neuhebraisches Worterbuch DS = Id. , Grammatik des Jiidisch-Aramiischen (2nd ed., 1905). Da = _ A.B. Davidson. Da®"* = Id. , Hebrew Syntax. Dalm =~ G. Dalman. Dalm“B = Yd. , Aramiisches-Neuhebriisches Warterbuch . Dan. = _ Daniel. Dat = _ J. A. Dathe. DB = _ Dictionary of the Bible, ed. J. Hastings. De = _ Franz Delitzsch. peers Id. , Complutensische Varianten zum alttestamentlichen Texte

Inscr. inscription(s); KAT E. Schrader, Keilinschr. u. d. Alte Testament. = equivalent, equals.

pe ates Id. , Comm. iiber das Hohelied und Koheleth .

del. = dele, strike out (also delet, delent ).

Derenb = _ (usually) H. Derenbourg; sometimes J. Derenbourg Derenb' = Jd. , Etudes sur l’Epigraphie du Yémen . DeW = W.M.L. De Wette.

DHM = _ D.H. Miller.

DHM®S = 7d. , Burgenu. Schlésser Siid-Arabiens

DHM Fit Denkm. (Ar, oraus Abess:) = Tq, Epigraphische Denkmiiler , or Epigr. Denkm.

aus Arabien , or Epigr. Denkm. aus Abessinien

DHM "ms: = Td. , Inschriften des Hofmuseums

DHM *"4sc} = Jd. , Inschriften von Sendschirli

DHM*"* = Td. , Siidarabische Studien

DHM “B= Id. , Sab. Alterthiimer in d. K6n. Museen zu Berlin . Di =~ A. Dillmann.

Dict. Bib. = Smith, Dictionary of the Bible.

Dietr = _ F.E.C. Dietrich, especially /d. , Abhandlungen fiir semit. Wortforschung . Diod = __ Diodorus Siculus.

Dioscor = _ Dioscorides

Dioscor P° M Met’ = Id. , De Materia Medica .

div. = _ divinum, divinitatis .

DI = __ Friedrich Delitzsch.

DIS = 7d. , Assyrian Grammar

DI" = Id. , Hebrew & Assyrian

Sab. Sabean.

pit? Id. , Assyrisches Handwérterbuch

DIS = Id., Sprache d. Kossaer

DI’ = IZd., Assyrische Lesestiicke

pi’ = Id. , Wo lag das Paradies?

pi) = Id. , Prolegomena

DIS = Id, Assyrische Studien

DIY” = dd., Assyrisches Wérterbuch .

DLZ = __ Deutsche Literatur-Zeitung .

Dn = __ Daniel.

Door =~ A. van Doorninck.

Doughty “""P* = C.M. Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta. Dozy = _ R. Dozy, (usually) Suppl. aux Dict. Arabes . DPV = __ Deutscher Paldstina-Verein .

Dr = _ S.R. Driver.

Dr’ = Id, Hebrew Tenses

Dr'™ = Yd. , Introduction to Literature of OT Dr?" = Td. , Psalter

DrS™, or *™ == Id. , Text of Samuel.

Dr-Wh = _ Driver and White, Leviticus ( Hpt ). Dt = _ Deuteronomy.

Du =_ B.Duhm.

dub. = _ dubious, doubtful.

Dvd = _ David.

DWAk = _ Denkschriften der Wiener Akademie d. Wiss .

Dy = __ J. Dyserinck.

E = __ Elohist.

Eb =~ G.Ebers.

Eb“*“ = Td. , Aegypten u. d. Biicher Mosis

EbS = Id , Durch Gosen zum Sinai .

EB(i) = _— Encyclopaedia Biblica , edd. Black and Cheyne.

Ec = _ Ecclesiastes.

Ecclus = _ Ecclesiasticus

Ecclus, Oxforded., = Heb. Fragments of Ecclesiasticus, edd. Neubauer and Cowley.

Eg. = _ Egyptian.

elsewh. = _ elsewhere.

EMey = _ Eduard Meyer

EMey HAIRS: Se a I: , Entstehung des Judenthums , = /d. , Entstehung J., etc.

Enc. Brit. = Encyclopaedia Brittanica , 9th ed.

Ency(cl). Bib. = ~~ EBi, qv.

Eng. Tr(ans). = English Translation.

Ephr. = _ Ephraimitic source.

Ephr(em) = _ Ephrem Syrus.

Esar. = Esarhaddon.

Esdr. = _ Esdras.

esp. = _ especially.

EBi Encyclopaeddia Biblica, edd. Black and Cheyne.

Est = _ Esther.

El. = Eng. Trans.

Eth. = _— Ethiopic.

Eut = _ J. Euting.

EutS = Jd. , Sammlung Karthag. Inschriften EutX = Jd. , Nabatiische Inschriften EutS™ = Yd., Sinaitische Inschriften .

E.V. = _ English Version(s).

Ew = H. Ewald.

Ew’ = ZId., Heb. Gram.

Ew Ses) = Id. , Geschichte d. Volkes Israel Ew" = Id. , History of Isr. (Eng. Trans. of Ew %S*" ) Ew’?Y = Yd. , Jahrb. d. bibl. Wissenschaft Ew’ = Td. , Jahrb. d. bibl. Wissenschaft Ew® = Id. , Biblische Theologie

Ew“" = Id., Antiquities.

Ex = Exodus.

exc. = except.

exil. = _ exile.

Ez = Ezekiel.

f.,f = feminine.

f,orff = and following.

Ew H. Ewals, Geschichte d. Volkes Israel;

= F. Brown.

fem. = feminine, feminae .

FFP = _ Flora and Fauna of Palestine (Survey).

Fi = _ Frederick Field, especially /d. , Origenis Hexaplorum quae supersunt . fig. = figurative.

fin. = finite, finitivum .

FJIB =~ F.J. Bliss.

Fl = H.L. Fleischer.

FINS = = Id. , Kleine Schriften .

Flora’ = _ Post, Flora of Syria.

fr. = from.

Fr =_ S. Frensdorff.

Ere Id. , Massora Magna.

Fra = _ S. Frankel, and (usually) /d. , Aramaische Fremdwéarter im Arabischen . Frankenb(erg) = W. Frankenberg.

Frankenb°"" = Id. , Comm. Spriiche (ed. Nowack). Frey = G.W. Freytag, Lex. Arab.

Frey" or == Id. , Arabum Proverbia .

fs. = feminine singular.

Fu = J. Furst.

© = Greek Version of the LXX.

GL = LXX of Lucian (Lag).

GACooke = (usually) G. A. Cooke, North Semitic Inscriptions = GACooke™™

Gal = _ Galilee.

Gann = _ Clermont-Ganneau.

GASm = _ George Adam Smith.

GASm °°") = Id. , Historical Geography of the Holy Land. Gei = A. Geiger.

Ge" = Td. , Urschrift u. Ubersetzungen der Bibel

Gei Nvree! Sch = Td. , Nachgelassene Schriften .

gent. = _— gentis , ofa people, gentilicium . geogr. = geography.

Gerber ‘Y" Pe) = = ~— -W. T. Gerber, Verba Denominativa . Ges = W. Gesenius.

Ges’ = Id., Heb. Gram. ed. by Kautzsch Ges = Id. , Lehrgebiude d. Heb. Sprache . Gesch. = Geschichte.

Gf = K.H. Graf.

GFM = _— G.F. Moore.

GGA = __ GéOttingsche Gelehrte Anzeigen . GGAbh. = _ Gott. Gel. Abhandlungen .

GGN = _ Gé6tt. Nachrichten .

Gie = _ F. Giesebrecht.

Gi(nsb) = C.D. Ginsburg.

Gl(as) = _ E. Glaser

GIMS' = 7d. , Mittheilungen iiber Sab. Inschriften

GIS*”* = Id. , Skizze der Geschichte u. Geographie Arabiens .

Gloss., gl. = glossary, rarely = a gloss.

Gn = _ Genesis.

Gr = H. Gratz.

Gray = G.B. Gray.

Gray?“ = Jd. , Hebrew Proper Names.

Gu = _ H. Guthe, rarely Stan. Guyard.

Gu’ = Guyard, Notes de lexicogr. assyrienne . Guérin = _ V. Guerin, Description géographique de la Palestine . Guidi. = Ignazio Guidi

Guidi?" S*° == — Td. , Della Sede Primitiva dei Popoli Semitici . Gunk = H. Gunkel.

Gunk SF == Td. , Schépfung u. Chaos .

Guy = _ Stan. Guyard.

% = Hebrew (Consonantal Text).

H = _ Code of Holiness.

Haev = _ Haevernick.

Hal = __ J. Halévy.

Hal“ = Id. ,Mélanges

Hal?® = Jd. , Documents Religieux

Hal““ = Td. , Mission Archéol. dans le Yémen Hal **, or ™* 58 = ~~ Id. , Etudes Sabéennes .

Hamm = Hammurabi, especially Jd. , Code of Laws.

Plurilit.-bildungen

Hartm M. Hartmann, Pluriliteralbildungen in den semitischen Sprachen .

Hast = James Hastings.

Hast(ings) ?® , or ee se Dictionary of the Bible, ed. James Hastings.

Hb = _— Habakkuk.

Hbr = _ Hebraica.

HDerenb = _ H. Derenbourg.

Heb. = _ Hebrew.

He(ngst) = _ E. Hengstenberg.

Herod(ot.) = Herodotus.

Hex = _ Hexateuch.

Hg = _ Haggai.

Hi = _ F.Hitzig.

Hilg = _ A. Hilgenfeld.

Hilpr = H.V. Hilprecht.

Hirz = _ L. Hirzel.

Ho = _ Hosea.

Hoffm =~ G. Hoffmann.

Hollenb = + W.A. Hollenberg.

Holz = _ H. Holzinger.

Hom = _ F. Hommel.

Hom’, or * "4, or AU" = Id. , Aufsiitze u. Abhandlungen

Hom“, or CSO™ | op Star Chrest Id. , Siidarabische Chrestomathie

Hom = Id. , Namen der Saugethiere .

Houb = _ C.F. Houbigant.

HP = _ Holmes & Parsons, Septuagint.

HPS = _— H.P. Smith.

Hpt = _ Paul Haupt.

Hpt© = Jd. , Akkadische Sprache

Hpt? = Zd., Uber einen Dialekt der Sumerischen Sprache [ GGN . 1880, Nr. 17]

Hpt® = Id.,E. vowel

Hpt' = dd. , Sumer. Familiengesetze

Hpt’ = Id. , Beitrage z. Ass. Lautlehre

Hpt’ = Id. ,Nimrodepos

Hpt"™'“*S" = Id. , Prolegomena to an Assyrian Grammar

Hpt® = Id., Sintfluthbericht

Hpt ' = Id. ,ASKT, Akkad. & Sum. Keilschrifttexte

Hpt, or "(Che """, & c. )usually = Sacred Books of the OT, ed. Hpt (Polychrome Bible).

HSch = _— H. Schultz.

Hultsch = _ F. Hultsch, Griechische u. R6mische Metrologie .

Hup = _ H. Hupfeld.

Hup ®, Hup®"“°’, Hup-Now = Zd., Psalmen, edd. Riehm, Nowack.

Idiot. = Idioticon.

Impf. = Imperfect.

Imv. = __ Imperative.

GGN Gott. Nachriten. c. circa , about; also cum , with.

ind. = indirect.

indef. = indefinite.

Inf. = Infinitive.

infr., infr. = — infra, below.

Inschr. = Inschrift, Inschriften .

inscr. = inscription(s)

Inscr. of Carpentr. = Inscription of Carpentras. intr(ans). = intransitive.

iq. = id quod ,i.e. the same with.

Is = Isaiah.

J = Jehovist.

JA = Journ. of the Royal Asiatic Society. Jacob = G. Jacob.

Jacob 47>) Dichter = Td. , Studien in Arab. Dichtern

10 a Id. , Leben der vorislamischen Beduinen .

J.Aram. = Jewish-Aramaic ( Jiidisch-Aramiaisch ).

JAs = Journal Asiatique.

Jastt = Marcus Jastrow, Dict. of Targumim, Talmud, etc.; also Morris Jastrow, Jr. Jastr 8 "= M._ Jastrow, Jr., Religion of Babylonia and Assyria.

jAT imLichtd. AO/ A. Jeremias, Das Alte Testament im Licht des Alten Orients .

JBL = _ Journal of Biblical Literature.

JBTh = — Jahrbiicher f. deutsche Theologie .

JDMich = J.D. Michaelis.

Je = Jeremiah.

Jen = _ P. Jensen.

Jen°™" == — Id. , Cosmologie der Babylonier. Jer = Jerome; also Jerusalem.

Jerem =~ A. Jeremias.

Jerus. = Jerusalem.

Jes = Jesaias.

JHC = — Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars. JHMich = _— J.H. Michaelis.

JLZ = — Jenaer Lit.-Zeitung .

Jo = Joel.

Jon = — Jonah.

Jos = Joshua.

Jos*™ Jos? = FLJ osephus, Antiquities , or Bell. Jud. Joseph = _ FI. Josephus (sometimes). JosKi = Joseph Kimchi.

JPhail). = Journal of Philology (Engl.). JPTh = — Jahrbiicher fiir Prot. Theol.

JQ = Jewish Quarterly.

Jr = A. Jeremias, Leben nach dem Tode. JThS = — Journal of Theological Studies.

Ju = _— Judges.

Jud. = Judea, Judean.

Jiid. Zeitschr. = Monatsschrift fiir Gesch. u. Wiss. des Judenthums . juss. = jussive.

K = _ E. Kautzsch (in Biblical Aramaic Appendix).

KS’ = Jd. ,Gramm. d. bibl. Aram.

ka Id. , Aramaismen im A.T.

1K,2K = 1&2 Kings.

Kam. = _ al-Kamus (Arabic Dict.), by al-Firizabadi .

KAT”? = E. Schrader, Keilinschr. u. d. Alte Testament .

KAT*®> = dd.,3rded. by H. Winckler and H. Zimmern.

Kau =_ E. Kautzsch

Kau’ = Jd.,Gram. d. bibl. Aram.

Kay Stmtaismen) (imAT) Aram.

Kau“' = Die Heiligen Schriften d. Alien Testaments , ed. Kau Kau“N = 7d. , Mittheilungen u. Nachrichten d. DPV , 1904

Kau (So etc.) = Kau“!

Kay = W. Kay.

KB =_ E. Schrader, Keilinschriftl. Bibliothek .

Ke = C.F. Keil.

Kenn =_ B. Kennicott.

Kennedy = _ (usually) A. R.S. Kennedy.

KE. Kautzsch, Aramaismen im A. T. Kau E. Kautzsch. Kau E, Kautzsch, Die Heiligen Schriften d. Alten Testaments, ed. au.

KG =_ E. Schrader, Die Keilinschr. und die Geschichtsforschung .

kg. = king.

Kgs. = Kings.

Ki = __ David Kimchi (Qamchi).

Kiep(ert) = H. Kiepert.

Kirkp =~ A..F. Kirkpatrick.

Kit = R. Kittel.

Kit *= Di, Jesaia, ed. Kit

Kit Csr) = Kit , Geschichte der Hebraer (or Eng. Trans. ). Kit-Di = Kit?’ = Dillmann’s Comm. (Isaiah), ed. by Kit. Klo =~ A. Klostermann.

KIS = _ Die Biicher Sam. u. d. Kénige .

Kmp =_ A. Kamphausen.

Kn = _ A. Knobel.

Knudtzon “Ss "== ‘J, A. Knudtzon, Assyrische Gebete an den Sonnengott . Ko =~ E. Konig.

Kove = ag. , Heb. Gram.

Kos == Kill

K6’ = Id., Heb. Gram.

Ké6’™ = 7d.,Einleitung ind. A.T.

Koh =~ A. Kohler.

Kohut-Memorial = Studies in Memory of A. Kohut

Di A. Dillmann. Kit R. Kittel.

Kohut-Studies = _ ld.

Kosters @“*'! = W.H. Kosters, Het Herstel van Israél in het Perzische Tijdvak .

Kp = A.F. Kirkpatrick.

Krae = _ R. Kraetzschmar.

Krauss = _ S. Krauss, especially /d. , Griechische und Lateinische Lehnworter im Talmud , etc.

Kremer = _ A. Kremer.

Kremer ®*"" = Id. , Beitrage .

Krochm = _ A. Krochmal.

KSGW = __ KoOnigl. Sachs. Ak. d. Wiss.

Kt = Kfthibh.

Kue =~ A. Kuenen.

Kue%* 4°" == 7d. , Gesammelte Abhandlungen .

La = _ Lamentations.

Lag = _ P.de Lagarde.

Lag “shane: Id. , Agathangelus

Lag “™ Ste or “S =~ Td. , Armenische Studien

Lag? = 7d. , Bildung d. Nomina

Lag’ jor" == Id. , Mittheilungen

Lag Novi Psalt-spee. = = Jd. , Novi Psalterii Specim.

Lag°"™ = Td. , Onomastica Sacra

Lag® = IZd., Orientalia

Lag" S™¢ = Id. , Persische Studien

Lag = Id. , Semitica

Lag’, or ™™) = Id. , Symmicta .

Landberg = _ C. Landberg.

Landberg"’ = Id. , Proverbes et Dictons .

Lane =_ E. W. Lane; usually /d. , Arabic Dictionary.

Lane “°*) Fev = = ~~ Id. , Modern Egyptians.

Lay = A.H. Layard.

le. = inloco citato .

LCB = _Litterarisches Centralblatt .

Ldzb = M. Lidzbarski; usually Jd. , Nordsemitische Inschriften .

Len = _ F. Lenormant.

Len Beem™"es = Id. , Beginnings of History ( Eng. Trans. of Origines de l’Histoire , I).

Len°®) = Td. , Les Origines de I’Histoire .

(v.)Leng = C. von Lengerke.

Levy = __ Jacob Levy.

Lewy “Sem Fremdwrter) =H. Lewy, Semitische Fremdwérter im Griechischen .

Lihy. = Lihyanian (language).

Lindberg Y"8' S*™S"™™ = Lindberg, Vergleichende semitische Grammatik .

Linn = _ C. Linnaeus (Carl von Linné).

Littm = Enno Littmann.

Lo =~ R.Lowth.

loc. = local, locality.

Loft = W.K. Loftus, especially

Loft = Id. , Chaldaea and Susiana.

LOPh = _ Literaturblatt fiir Orientalische Philologie .

Low = __ J. Léw, Aramaische Pflanzennamen .

Lu = _ Martin Luther.

Luz(z) = _ S.D. Luzzatto.

Lv = Leviticus.

Lyon = D.G.Lyon.

Lzb = M.Lidzbarski(v. Ldzb.).

Lzb*Pe™ = Td. , Ephemeris fiir semitische Epigraphik . M,M’ = (in Biblical Aramaic Appendix) K. Marti, Gram. d. bibl. Aram. mm. = masculine.

M-A = _ W. Muss-Arnolt.

M-AS? = _— Id. , Compendious Assyr. Dict.

Mal = = Malachi.

Mand. = Mandean.

Marquart = J. Marquart.

Marquart Jd. ,7™"™"" = — Td. , Fundamente israelitischer u. jiidischer Geschichte . Marti = _ K. Marti.

Mas(s) = Masora.

MBAk = _ Monatsbericht d. Berliner Akad. d Wissenschaften . MDPV = _ Mittheilungen d. Deutschen Palastina-Vereins .

Me =_— A. Merx.

Meier “""'WB_ = ___E. Meier, Hebraisches Wurzelworterbuch . v. vide , see.

Ldzb M. Lidzbarski; usually circa., Nordsemitische Inschriften .

Meinh = _ J. Meinhold.

Meissn = _ B. Meissner.

Meissn““??" = Id. , Supplement zum Assyr. Wérterb .

Mem. = _ Survey of W. Palestine, Memoirs.

metaph. = metaphor, metaphorically.

Mey = _ E. Meyer.

Mey ©: 244 | or Entstebung oy Enst-J. yp Entstchung d.Jud 6, Judenthium) 74 Die Entstehung

des Judenthums .

MGWJ = ~~ Monatsschr. , q.v.

MI =~ Mesha-Inscription.

Mi =~ Micah.

Mich = J.D. Michaelis.

Min. = Minaean.

Mish(n). = Mishna.

mng. = meaning.

Mo = _ F.E. Movers.

Monatsschr. = Monatsschrift fiir Geschichte u. Wissen. d. Judenthums . Mordt(m) = J.H.Mordtmann.

Mordtm"™™'"8"" = — Id. , Himjarische Inschriften . mpl. = masculine plural.

ms. = masculine singular.

MT =~ Massoretic Text.

Mill = — A. Miller.

Monatsschr. Monatsschrift ftir Geschichte u. Wissen. d. Judenthums .

Muss-Arm = W. Muss-Arnolt.

Mv 110098) = Gesenius, Handworterbuch tiber das A.T. , edd. F. Mihlau & W. Volck.

MVAG, orMVG = _ Mittheilungen d. Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft .

n. = nomen, noun.

Na = Nahum.

Nab. = _ Nabataean.

Nag = C.W.E. Nagelsbach.

Nasar = _ Lexid. cod. Nasaraei , ed. M. Norberg.

NBab. = New Babylonian.

Nbr =_ A. Neubauer.

Ne =~ Nehemiah (rarely = E. Nestle).

Neb = _ Nebuchadnezzar.

Nes =_ E. Nestle.

Nes’ = Id. , Syriac Gram.

Nes’$ = Eigennamen

Nes™"® = Td. , Marginalien u. Materialien .

NH = _ New (Late) Hebrew.

NHWB = _ Levy, Neuhebr. WoOrterb.

NKZ =~ Neue kirchliche Zeitschrift .

N6 = _ T. Néldeke.

No’ = Id. , Syrische Grammatik

No BetGe) or BSW = Id. , Beitriige z. semitischen Sprachwissenschaft

No“ = Id. , Mandaische Grammatik

No‘S = Id. , Neu-Syrische Grammatik No Untersueh. = Td. , Untersuchungen zur Kritik des A.T.

N6 2 Gram. d: class. Ar. Tq. , Zur Grammatik des classischen Arab . (in Denkschriften der Wiener Akademie , 1896).

no. = number.

nom. = nomen, noun.

nom. coll = — nom. collectivum , collective noun. nom. unit = nom. unitatis , noun of singular or individual meaning. Nor =_ E. Norris, Assyrian Dictionary. Norberg’*““4 = Nasar, q.v.

Norzi = J.S.ben Abraham Norzi.

Now =~ W.Nowack.

Now*"" = Id. , Hebrasche Archiologie .

n.pr. = nomen proprium , proper name. n.pr.loc. = n. pr. loci, proper name of place. Nu =~ Numbers.

num. = number.

Ob = _— Obadiah.

obj. = object.

OBaktr. = Old Baktrian.

Oehl = Ocehler.

oft. = often.

OH = _ Old Hebrew (Inscriptions).

Nasar Lexid. cod. Nasaraei, ed. M. Norberg.

Olran. = _ Old Iranian.

Ol = J. Olshausen.

ol’ = Id, Heb. Gram.

OLZ = _ Orientalische Literaturzeitung . Onk = _ Targum of Onkelos.

Oort = H. Oort.

op.cit. = inopere citato.

OP(ers.) = Old Persian

OP also (in Che °°) = Origin of Psalter. opp. = opposite, as opposed to, or contrasted with. Opp(ert) = Jules Oppert.

Or(elli) = CC. von Orelli.

Os =_ E. Osiander.

OT = _ Old Testament.

Ot = S. Ottli.

P = _ Priests’ Code or Narrative.

Pal(est). = Palestine, Palestinian, etc. Pal(m). = Palmyrene.

PAOS = _ Proceedings of the American Oriental Society. Pap. = _ Papyrus.

part. = __ particle.

pass. = __ passive.

Che /d. , Origin and Religious Contents of the Psalter.

PB = _ Proceedings of Soc. of Bib. Archaeol.

Pe = _ J.J. S.Perowne.

PEF = _ Pal. Explor. Fund, usually /d. , Quart. Statem’nt. PEFM™ = Mem., qv.

Pei = _ F.E. Peiser.

Perles = _ F. Perles.

Perles“"") = Id., Analekten .

pers. = person, personae .

Pers. = Persian.

PESoc = American Palestine Explor. Society. Pf. = _ Perfect.

Ph. = _ Phenician.

Phi = _ F. Philippi.

Pietschm = _ R. Pietschmann

Phoén(iz.) Gesch. Ph. , Or )

(also Pietschm = (usually) Jd. , Geschichte Ph6niziens .

Pinsk = _ S. Pinsker.

pl. = plural.

Plin"’ = Pliny, Hist. Nat.

POS = __ Proceedings Am. Orient. Soc. Post = GE. Post.

Post" = Id. , Flora of Syria.

postB = __ post-Biblical.

Pal. Palmyrene or Palestine, Palestinian, etc. Mem. Survey of W. Parlestine, Memoirs.

postex = post-exilic.

post-pos. = _ post-positive.

Pr = _ Proverbs.

Pra(t) = F. Pratorius.

Pra“™™ SP" == Jd. , Amharische Sprache Pra(t) New Beee = Jd. , Neue Beitrage zur Erklarung der Himjarischen Inschriften . PRE = _ Herzog’s Prot. Real-Encycl.

Presb. Rev. = _ Presbyterian Review (New York). Prol = _ Prolegomena.

PS = _ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus. Ps = _ Psalms, Psalmen.

Ps.-J. = Targum of Pseudo-Jonathan.

w = Psalm.

pt(cp). = __ participle.

Ptol = Ptolemy (usually Claudius Ptolemy). punct. = punctuation.

Qor = Qoran.

Qr = Qe.

qu. = question.

q.vV. = quod vide .

qy. = query.

R = _ Redactor (e.g. in Hexateuch).

RP = __ Deuteronomic redactor .

1R,2R,3R,4R,5R = Cuneiform Inscr. of Western Asia (H. Rawlinson).

RA = _ Revue Archéologique .

Ra = _ Rashi.

rd. = read.

rdg. = _ reading.

R@A = _ Revue d’Assyriologie .

Re = _ E. Renan.

Reckend = __ S. Reckendorf.

refl. = reflexive.

REJ = Revue des Etudes Juives .

Rel = _ H. Reland.

RES = _ Répertoire d’Epigraphie Sémitique . Rev.Bib. = Revue Biblique.

Ri =~ E. Riehm.

Ri"YP = — Handworterb. d. bibl. Alterth . R6 = _ E. Rédiger.

Rob =_ E. Robinson.

Rob®® = — Id. , Biblical Researches. Rob-Ges. = Gesenius, Hebrew and English Lexicon, translated by E. Robinson. Roo = __ T. Roorda.

Rosenm = _ E.F.C. Rosenmiiller. Rothst = W. Rothstein.

RP*) = Records of Past, 2nd (1st) Series.

RS = _ W. Robertson Smith.

RSo Id. , Old Testament in Jewish Church RSP = Id. , Prophets of Israel

RS* = Id. , Kinship & Marriage in Early Arabia RS*™ = Td. , Religion of Semites.

RTr = _ Recueil de Travaux .

Ru =~ Ruth.

RV = _ Revised Version.

RVm = _ Revised Version margin.

RWB = _ Bibl. RealwGrterbuch , ed. Winer.

Ry = _ V.Ryssel.

S = __ Syriac Version.

S's = Chr-Pal. Evang. (Lagarde).

18,2S = 1&2 Samuel.

Saad = _ Arabic Version of Saadya.

Sab. = Sabean.

SabDenkm = _ Sabaische Denkmaler, edd. Mordtmann & Miiller. SAC = _— Stanley A. Cook; especially Jd. , Aramaic Glossary. Sam. = Samaria, Samaritan (rarely = Samuel). Sarg = Sargon.

SahoSpr = _ Saho Sprache.

SASm = _ S.A. Smith.

Chr-Pal. Christian-Palestinian Aramaic.

Say = A.H. Sayce.

ay Id. , Higher Criticism and the Monuments

Say "oh B Id. , Religion of Babylonia.

SB = _— SBAk.

SBAk = __ Sitzungsbericht d. Berl. Akademie der Wissenschaften .

S-cP*? = A.H. Sayce and A. E. Cowley, Aramaic Papyri.

Sch = _ F.W. Schultz.

Scheft = Scheftelowitz , usually = Scheft, Arisches im A.T.

ScheftMO™) = Id, Monatsschrift fiir Gesch. u. Wiss. d. Jud. (1903) ; also pub. separately (Scheft" ).

Schenkel?” = D. Schenkel, Bibel-Lexicon.

Schl(ottm) =~ C. Schlottmann.

Schr =_ E. Schrader.

Schréd, Schroed = __ P. Schréder, especially Jd. , Phénizische Sprache .

Schu =_ A. Schultens.

Schtii = _ E. Schtirer, Gesch. des jiidischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi .

Schulth = _ F. Schulthess.

Schulth"°" “"* == Id. , Homonymische Wurzeln im Syrischen

Schulth’ = Jd. , Lexicon d. Chr. Pal. Aramiischen .

Schw = _ F. Schwally.

Schw(ally)“ == Id. , Idioticon d. Chr. Pal.

Seetzen®* = — Seetzen, 1Reisen durch Syrien .

seld. = seldom, rare.

SBAk Sitzungsbericht d. Berl. Akademie der Wissenschaften .

Sen = Sennacherib.

Sendsch. = — Sendschirli (Zinjirli) .

sf. = © suffix, or with suffix.

sg. = singular.

Shim = _— Shalmaneser II.

SI = _ Siloam Inscription.

siveral. = siveralectio .

Siegf = C. Siegfried.

sim. = _ simile.

SK = — Studien u. Kritiken .

Skr. = — Sanskrit.

Sm =_ R.Smend (rarely = Samuel).

Sm ®Gesch = Smend, Alttestamentliche Religionsgeschichte Sms" = Jd. , Listen der Biicher Esra u. Nehemia . So(c) =~ A. Socin.

Spi = W. Spitta.

Spi’ = Gram. d. arab. Vulg. Dial.

Spieg = _ F. Spiegel

Spieg“"S = dd., Altpersische Keilinschriften . Spiegelb = W. Spiegelberg.

Spr = _ Sprache, or Spriiche .

sq. = followed by.

SS = _ C. Siegfried u. B. Stade, Hebraisches Worterbuch .

st. = status , state, stative.

St = H. Steiner.

Sta = _ B. Stade

Sta’ = Id., Heb. Gram.

Sta Ss) = — Id. , Geschichte des Volkes Israel . Steind =~ G. Steindorff.

Steuern = C. Steuernagel.

Str = H.L. Strack.

Str’ = Id. , Gram. d. bibl. Aram. Strassm = foll.

Stm = _— J. Strassmaier.

Stm“Y = Id. , Alphabet. Verzeichnis . sts. = sometimes.

Stu = G.-. Studer.

Stud. Bib. = Studia Biblica.

subst. = _ substantive.

Sum(er). = Sumerian.

supr., supr. = supra, above.

Surenh = W. Surenhusius, Mishna. Survey, Survey a Survey of Western Palestine (PEF) Survey’ = dd. of Eastern Palestine. Symm = Symmachus.

Syr. = Syriac.

= Targum.

t. (following a number) = __ times.

TA. = _ Tel el-Amarna; also Taj-al-’ Aris (Arab. Dict.). Talm = Talmud.

Tariff = Palmyrene Tariff Inscription.

TB, TBA = __ Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology. TelAm. = TA, q.v.

Tg = Targum

Tg" = Targum of Jerusalem, etc.

Th(e) = O. Thenius.

Theod = _ Theodotion.

Theophr = _ Theophrastus

Theophr"'tP""" = Id. , Historia de Plantis .

Thes = W. Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae . Thes““* = Jd. , Additions by E. Rédiger.

ThT = _ Theologisch Tijdschrift .

ThLB = _ Theol. Literaturblatt .

ThLZ = _ Theol. Literaturzeitung .

Tiele = C.P. Tiele.

Tiph. = Tiphel (rare conjugation).

To = __ Tobler.

TP = __ Tiglath-Pileser.

TA Tel el-Amarna; also Tajal-‘Ar ais (Arab. Dict.).

Tpg. = Topography.

Tr = __ Transactions.

tr. = translate (translated, translation); rarely = transitive. trans(it), = transitive.

Tristt = H.B. Tristram.

Tristr“"® = Td. , Natural History of the Bible

Tristr*'? = Jd. , Fauna and Flora of Palestine (Survey, Memoirs). TSBA = __ TB, qv.

TSWt = _ Theol. Studien aus Worttemberg .

TTijdschr = ThT, qv.

Tu = F. Tuch.

txt. = text.

txt.err. = textual error.

Univ.Pa.Exp. = Bab. Exped. of the Univ. of Pennsylvania. usu. = usual, usually.

B = Vulgate.

v= _ verse

v. = vide, see.

vand.H. = _ E.vander Hooght, Heb. text of OT

var. = variant reading.

VB = _ Variorum Bible.

TB Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology. ThT Theologisch Tiyidschrift. Bab. Babylonian.

vb. = verb.

vdVelde = C.W.M. van de Velde, especially /d. , Reis door Syrie en Palestina ; E.T. , Narrative of a Journey through Syria and Palestine

vdVelde““™°" == Id. , Memoir to accompany Map of Holy Land constructed by C. W. M. van de Velde.

vid. = _ vide, see.

vir. = viri, of aman.

Vog = C.J. M. de Vogiié, Syrie Centrale .

Vor = id

Vogelst ws = WH. Vogelstein, Landwirthschaft in Palastina zur Zeit der MiSnah .

VOJ = _ Vienna Oriental Journal ( = Wiener Zeitschrift fiir die Kunde des Morgenlandes ).

Vrss = Old Versions.

Vulg.Ar. = Vulgar Arabic.

Vullers = J. A. Vullers, Lexicon Persico-Latinum .

W = _ W. Wright.

WAS = Id. , Arabic Gram.

we , or OS sg , Comp. Semit. Gram.

Wahrm =~ A. Wahrmund, especially /d. , Arabic Handworterbuch .

WAW = _ W.AIdis Wright.

wd. =~ word, also would.

We = _ J. Wellhausen.

Web tt = Td. , Bleek’s Einleitung ind. A.T.

E.T. Eng. Trans. Comp. compare, compares, comparative.

We = — Id. , Composition des Hexateuchs

Wes" = Id. , De gentibus et familiis Iudaeis

We Mit (or Arab. Heidenthum) ‘Id. , Reste Arabischen Heidenthums ( = We S*“"'v:2"4 ed.)

Welt = Id. , History of Israel ( trans. by Black)

We = Id. , Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels

We ki" = ~— Id. , Skizzen und Vorarbeiten .

Weissb = _ F.H. Weissbach.

Wetzst = J.G. Wetzstein.

wi. = with, construed with.

Wied =~ A. Wiedemann.

Wied*"" = 7d. , Sammlung Altagyptische Warter .

Wild(eb) =~ G. Wildeboer.

Wilkinson “") FP" == ‘J. G. Wilkinson, Ancient Egyptians.

WisdLt = Wisdom Literature.

Wkl = _— H. Winckler.

WMM = _ W. Max Miiller.

WMM *S" Furop). or Asien ~— = I. , Asien u. Europa .

Wr =~ C.H.H. Wright.

Wit = A. Wiinsche.

WZKM = VOJ, qv.

Xen(oph). = Xenophon.

trans. translate (translated, translation); rarely = transitive. VOJ vienna Oriental Journal (= Wiener Zeischrift fiir die Kunde des Morgenlandes ).

Z = Zeitschrift .

ZA = Zeitschr. fiir Assyriologie .

ZAW = _ Z.f. alttest. Wissenschaft .

Zc = Zechariah.

Zehnpf = R. Zehnpfund.

ZEthnol. = Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologie .

Zim = _ H. Zimmern.

Zim®” = Td. , Babylonische Busspsalmen .

Zinj. = Inscriptions of Zinjirli (N. Syria).

ZK = _ Z. fiir Keilschriftforschung .

ZKM = _ Z.f. Kunde d. Morgenlandes .

ZKW, or ZKWL = _ Z. f. kirchl. Wiss. und kirchl. Leben . ZLuth.Th. = _ Z. fir Lutherische Theologie .

ZMG = _ Z.d. deutsch. Morgenland. Gesellschaft .

Z6 = O. Zockler.

Zp = Zephaniah.

ZPV = _ Z.d. deutsch. Pal.-Vereins .

ZVoélkerpsych. = _ Z. fir Vélkerpsychologie .

ZWTh., or ZWiss.Th. = Z. fiir Wissenschaftliche Theologie .

<

= _ over a letter, indicates the accented (tone-)syllable.

+ = prefixed, or added, or both, indicates ‘All passages cited.’

> = indicates that the preceding is to be preferred to the following.

+ prefixed, or added, or both, indicates ‘All passages cited.’

< = indicates that the following is to be preferred to the preceding.

|| = parallel, of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes = ‘see parallel,’ or ‘so also in parallel.’

= = equivalent, equals.

+ = __ plus, denotes often that other passages, etc., might be cited. So also where the forms of verbs, nouns, and adjectives are illustrated by citations, near the beginning of articles; while ‘etc.’ in such connexions commonly indicates that other forms of the word occur, which it has not been thought worth while to cite.

° = — superfluous.

[] = _ indicates that the form, etc., enclosed, is not actually found, or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof; e.g. n. [ m. | denotes that the noun is presumably masculine, though the gender is not clearly exhibited in

Hebrew.

V = root or stem.

= sign of abbreviation (in Hebrew words).

'Noften = O77 28, Elohim.

"lo = 1713) = et caetera (in Hebrew quotations). "= Yahweh.

mp = 77195 soand so .

= beneath a Hebrew word representsany accent that occasions vowel-change.

* = — assumed root or word.

> indicates that the preceding is to be preferred to the following.

< indicates that the following is to be preferred to the preceding.

|| parallel, of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes = ‘see parallel,’ or ‘see also parallel.’

n. nomen , noun.

m. masculine.

\ root or stem.

NOTE . Scripture citations in small superior letters and figures, following n. m. or n. f. , refer to some passage where the gender is exhibited. Small inferior figures following Hebrew words, names of conjugations, etc., denote the (approximate) number of occurrences of such words, conjugations, etc.

x

XN Aleph , first letter; in post Biblical Hebrew = numeral 1 (and so in margin of printed MT ); X “= 1000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

28 s | TWOT * GK ? v. IL FN.

JAN TWOT ! ( fresh, bright , Assyrian abdbu DI “ AGI )

+[ IN S 3-4 TWoT '**4 GK *] n. [ m. ] freshness, fresh green ( Lag PN °° Inf. ibb ; thence concr., cf. Arabic herbage, pasture ; above stem & meaning

better than V DIN (spring) cf, Aramaic nmad& (q.v. ) DI Rie care) JANI 17

f. feminine, feminae.

MT Masoretic Text.

S Strong’s Concordance

TWOT Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament .

GK Goodrick/Kohlenberger numbering system of the NIV Exhaustive Condordance . DI Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Worterbuch .

AGI Assyrian & English Glossary, Johns Hopkins University. Lag P. de Lagarde, Bildung d. Nomina .

Inf. Infinitive.

concr. concrete.

cf. confer , compare.

DI Friedrich Delitzsch, Hebrew & Assyrian .

Pr Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies?

while yet in its freshness (i.e. 1A® , reed) Jb 8:12; concr., pl. green shoots "2X3 MII Ct 6:11 (|) OV ISI 1B A, D7).

+ DIN s * TWOT '? GK * n. m. Lv 2:14 coll. ( Lag PN 7°” Inf. ) 1. fresh, young ears of barley Ex 9:31; indef. Lv 2:14 'N TP? oO D2 noi WR3 972 2. WJ 17 DAN J month of ear-forming, or of growing green, Abib , month of Exodus & passover, Ex 13:4; 23:15; 34:18, 18 (JE), Dt 16:1, 1 (Ist month = c. April = ] WNIT, WJ AI(qv.)in P; v. Di Ex 12:2; = postexilic JO] q.v. )

PAIN v. DAN sub IL TIN.

t NNAIN S° GK ° npr. m. ( Pers. cf N32 ) eunuch of Ahasuerus Est 1:10

+ TAN s © TWor? GK ° vb. perish ( MI 72N, Assyrian abdtw DIY Aramaic 728 , ) — Qal Pf. 'X Nu 21:30 +;1738 w 10:16 +(+ Ez6:3 Co ) etc.; Impf. TAN ° Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; TAX > Jb 20:7 +2 times; 3 fs. TAN A Dt 22:3 +4 times; TAN A Jb 8:13 +3 times; WAN? Ju 51:31 +3 times; aN? Jb 4:9 +; 3 fpl. MITAX AL 18 9:3; IAN M Dt 4:26 +; TaN] Jon 1:6; 3:9; 77IN I] Jon 1:14

pl. plural. coll. collective. indef. indefinite. P Priests’ Code or Narrative. n.pr. nomen proprium, proper name. Pers. Persian. vb. verb. MI Mesha-Inscription. Pf. Perfect. + plus, denotes often that other passages, etc., might be cited. So also where the forms of verbs, nouns, and adjectives are illustrated by citations, near the beginning of articles; while ‘etc.’ in such connexions commonly indicates that other forms of the word occur, which it has not been thought worth while to cite. Greek version of the LXX. Co C. H. Cornill. Impf. Imperfect. fs. feminine singular.

etc.; Inf. abs. 7 IN Dt 4:26 +2 times; cstr. TAX Dt7:20 Pr 11:10; J7AN Dt 28:20 ; JJAN Dt 28:22 ; OQFAN Jos 23:13 ; OFAN Ob 12 Pr 28:28; Pt. TIN TAN Dt 26:5 +7 times; cstr. 72 X% Dt 32:28 (v. Di Bo ° *”); ete. 1. perish, die , of

individuals (mostly late) Nu 17:27 (|| YI& (v 28 NA), (also Dt 26:5? cf. infr. ) Jon 1:6, 14 Jb31:19 cf 29:13 Pr31:6 Est4:14, 16°? Mi4:9 Je 40:15 cf Is 57:1 Pr 11:10; 28:28 Ec 7:15 w119:92 ; emphasis on mortality Jb 4:20 w 146:4 Ec 9:6 ; Saul & Jonath., under fig. of weapons 2 S 1:27; lion Jb 4:11; caravan Jb 6:18 (cf Di); cf PISA POT 'N Mi 7:2, 1TY7 727 'N1 Zc 9:5 ; perish, be exterminated (judgment for sin), of Israel Lv 26:38 Dt 8:19 C2) 20; 28:20, 22; 30:18 ©?) Je 27:10, 15 cf 6:21, Ob12 cf w80:17 Is 27:13; other nations Dt 7:20 Je 10:15; 51:18 w2:12; 10:16; 83:18 cf 9:4 Am1:8 Is 41:11; 60:12 cf Jon 3:9 v. also Ex 10:7 Nu 21:29, 30 (JE) Je 48:46 ; house of Ahab 2 K 9:8 ; wicked in general Ju5:31 Jb4:9 cf v 7, w37:20; 49:11; 68:3 (|| sim. of

melting wax), 73:27; 92:10; also Pr 19:9; 21:28; 'N nmyy? Jb 20:7; cf JI 'X oy w 1:63; sq. Vad oun (of annihilation of Isr.) Dt 4:26 °°), 11:17 Jos 250135. 161) )e 8a: 2IPa JN? (of Korah’s company) Nu 16:33 (JE); perish, be

ruined, destroyed , of inanimate things, e.g. land Je 9:11 (|| JAAD TDX]) cf 48:8; harvest Jo 1:11; Jonah’s gourd Jon 4:10; riches Je 48:36 Ec 5:13 ; vessel yw 31:13 ;

houses Am 3:15 (so often Assyrian DI ™ ); city Ez 26:17 (but del. Co ); cf

bamoth Ez 6:3 Co ; heavens & earth wy 102:27.2. fig. perish, vanish , subj. memory Jb 18:17 w9:7;name yw 41:6 (i.e. be forgotten); vigour Jb 30:2 ; wisdom Is

29:14; of MSY JIN Dt 32:28; AX Je 7:28 (|| 40921); WT Ez 12:22; 01 Ib 3:3 (i.e. be blotted out); 57 Je 4:9 (ie. courage fail); TPM w9:19 Pr 10:28; 11:7 Ez 19:5; 37:11 Jb 8:13 ;so TINM w112:10 (ie. comes to naught); NYMIN Pr 11:7, sq. J + agent La 3:18; 071N + 0¥8¥+ 727 sq. J+ persons negligent Je 18:18 (cf

49:7 Ez 7:26 ), especially “7 D127) 'X (i.e. they could not escape) Am 2:14 Je 25:35 Jb 11:20 w 142:5 . 3. be lost , property Dt 22:3 ; strayed , beasts 18 9:3, 20 Je 50:6 Ez 34:4, 16 w119:176 (fig. of erring men); perhaps Dt 26:5 .

abs. absolute.

cstr. construct.

Pt. Participle.

B6 F. Bottcher, Lehrbuch d. Hebr. Sprache . Vv verse.

infr. infra, below.

x2 two times.

fig. figurative.

sim. simile.

sq. followed by.

D Deuteronomist in Dt., in other books Deuteronomic author or redactor. del. dele, strike out (also delet, delent ).

Pi. caus. of Qal— Pf. TAX 2K 21:3 +2 times; sf. JJON) Co Ez 28:16 cf

<

infr. ; "JAN Je 15:7; °NJAN) Ez 6:3 ( Co 178) ) etc.; Impf. TAX? Ec 9:18 ;

JON) Ec 7:7 Zp 2:13; 1s. sf. IBN) Ez 28:16 (for "DX8) Ew § ”° OLS ”* Ko 1338 Ges § 8 %™ - but Co 3 ms.; v. also Co 38:14); JITANM Dt 12:2 etc.; Inf. abs. TAN Dt 12:2 +3 times; cstr. id. Ez 22:27 +etc.; Pt. O°JAN?) Je 23:1. 1. cause to perish, destroy, kill, obj. pers. (mostly late) 2K 11:1 Est 3:9; 4:7; 8:55 9:24 ;; || N77 9:6, 12; || II + PAW 3:13; 7:4; 8:11; || OOF 9:24; cf w119:95; obj. NW] Ez 22:27 ( del. Co ); in judgment, subj." w5:7; cf Pr 1:32; sq. JINN Ez 28:16; obj. apeople 2K 13:7 2K 19:18 = Is 37:19; Jb 12:23 ; in judgment Dt 11:4 Je 12:17; 15:7 Zp 2:13 w9:6 cf 21:115 obj. inanimate things especially idols, baméth etc., Nu. 33:52 °°) J) Dt 12:2 °°) 2K 21:3 Ez6:3 (but cf, Co supr. ); bars of Zion La 2:9 (|| J2W ). 2. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with names of idols Dt 12:3 ; voice of Babylon Je 51:55 ; memory of dead Is 26:14 ; substance Pr 29:3 ; understanding Ec 7:7 ; good (7210 q.v.) Ec 9:18 . 3. cause to stray, lose; obj. Isr. under fig. of flock Je 23:1 (|| 77D); abs. Ec 3:6 (|| Wp).

Hiph. Pf. TANG) Nu 24:19; DJING Jb 14:19 etc.; Impf. NPI N Je 46:8 ( Ges ey Tat sestr: PANT 2K 10:19 +etc.; Pt. TAN Dt 8:20. 1. destroy, put to death , in judgment, (subj. '”) obj. pers. Lv 23:30 (sq. ri7aY Ap; || NID v 29); Je 49:38 (sq. own ); Ob 8 (sq. DITN); obj. nation, Ammon Ez 25:7 (sq.

MEW ; || NID), cf v 16; Canaanites Dt 8:20 (sq. 09°19) ); Canaan = Philistines Zp 2:5 (|| NID); especially Isr. Dt 28:51, 63 (|| PAW), cf Js 7:7; also abs. Je 18:7 (|| WiNI? YINI7}); = 1:10 (+ D171) = 31:28 (+ ¥T93); animals Ez 32:13 (sq. 0°27 0° DY); cf Dt7:10; yw 143:12 (|| M7aNsT ); (human subj.), obj. servants of Baal 2K 10:19, obj. nation Dt 9:3, cf Nu 24:19 (E; sq. VY); 2K 24:2; cf Je 46:8; obj. inanimate, chariots Mi 5:9 ; idols Ez 30:13 (del.

caus. causative.

sf. suffix, or with suffix.

Ew H. Ewals, Heb. . Gram.; Ol J. Olshausen, Heb. Gram. K6 E. Konig, Heb. Gram. Ges W. Gesenius, Heb. Gram. ed. by Kautzsch; fin finite, finitivum.

ms. masculine singular. pers. person, personae.

J Jehovist.

supr. supra, above.

E Elohist.

B Co). 2. fig., obj. name of kings Dt 7:24 (sq. OWI NOMA ); hope Jb 14:19; voice of mirth etc. Je 25:10 (cf 51:55 Pi. supr. )

+ JIN Ss’ TWOT ™ GK7 n. [ m. ] destruction, 'X "JY Nu 24:20, 24 (JE; on form with abstract sense v. Ba “® !%” a

7 as S °° TWOT * GK °° n. £. alost thing — abs. except Dt 22:3 estr. NJIN — Ex 22:8 ; with N¥ Lv 5:22, 23; with TAN + NX Dt 22:3 -—( MTN Pr 27:20 Kt cf I72N infr. )

1 728 s ° Twot * GK °, 1738 s' TWOT * GK "° cf WTIN infr.

+ [Jas S ° TWOT * GK , & JJAN(cstr.) n. [ m. ] destruction (Syriac )

Est 9:5 ('8) AD) ADI NDA ), 8:6; (on form v. BeRy; Ol a? ee Ns

tT TWIN S|! TWOT *4 GK 1°! nf.” Pr 27:20 abstr. nearly = npr. (place of) Destruction, Ruin , ’Abaddén (cf. Jb 28:22 etc. )— TITAN Ib

26:6 (+4 times); abbrev. T72N Kt )3(G72N Qr + Pr 27:20 —Place of ruin in Sh °6l for lost or ruined deat, as development of earlier distinction of condition in

Sh ’6l(v. JINW). Only in WisdLt Jb 31:12; || 2INW Jb 26:6 Pr 15:11; 27:20; || NV Jb 28:22 ; || VIP? w 88:12.

iLebal® s 4% 5 Twor ? GK +” vb. be willing, consent ( cf Assyrian abitu , Fei DW boots bo : iy De Jes 3,p.26; LCB 1880, 817 esire , , Ethiopic refuse , Arabic , id. , Nejd be willing So

)— Qal (c. NON except Is 1:19 Jb 39:9; in Hex rare & only JED, incl. Lv 26:21

B Vatican MS. of Septuagint. Ba J. Barth, Nominalbildung . Kt K* thibh.

BeRy Bertheau’s Comm., ed. by Ryssel. abstr. abstract.

Qr Q* ré.

WisdLt Wisdom Literature.

So A. Socin.

De Franz Delitzsch.

Jes Jesaias.

LCB Litterarisches Centralblatt. Hex Hexatuch.

;); Pf TIN Ex 10:27 +34N Ju 19:25 +7 times; NIDN Is 28:12 (Sta § 77" *; kb '> “I*)- Impf. TQN? Dt 29:19 +2 times; 2 ms. juss. N27 Pri:10 (Sta Se!" K6 | °°") ete.; Pt. DAN Ez3:7 ;— be willing, sq. Inf. with ? Ex 10:27 +29

times; without 9 Dt 2:30 + 8 times; subj.” Dt 10:10; 23:6; 29:19 Jos 24:10 2K 8:19; 13:23; 24:4 2 Ch 21:7; human subj. Gn 24:5, 8 Ju19:10 28 2:21; 13:25; 14:29 (22). 23:16, 17 = 1Ch11:18, 19 1Ch19:19; in bad sense Ex 10:27 Dt 2:30; 25:7 Ju. 19:25; 20:13 28 13:14, 16; especially of perverse Isr. Lv 26:21 Dt

1:26 18 15:9 Is 28:12; 30:9; 42:24 Ez3:7 °°); 20:8 ; subj. animal, O°) Jb 39:9 ; abs. (no Inf.) 28 12:17 1K 20:8; 22:50; cf Pr 6:35, of jealous man; bad sense Ju11:17 Is 30:15 ; good sense 1 S 22:17; 26:23; 31:4 = 1Ch10:4 2S86:10 Pr

1:10;+ vb. fin. Is 1:19 (OMYOW? INN ON ) consent, yield to, sq. 17 Dt 13:9 (good sense); sq. ”% w 81:12; sq. Nyy? Pr 1:30; sq. acc. "MADIM v 25 (all in bad sense).

+ TAX S * TWOT ** GK *° adj. in want, needy, poor ,—so, always abs. , Dt 15:4 + 40 times; J] "DN Ex 23:6 Dt 15:11; 0°]P2N Am 4:1 + 14 times; *IPAN (0D CAN ) Ex 23:11 Is 29:19; DIVAN y 132:15 —( Hex only JED; mostly poet., 23 times y ) needy , chiefly poor (in material things); as adj. Dt 15:7 °°), 9 ; 24:14 w109:16 (both || "IY ); elsewhere subst. y 49:3 (|| PWY); Dt 15:4, 11 ; subj. to oppression & abuse Am 2:6 ; 5:12 (both || P°7¥) 4:1; 8:6 (all || 27) Is 32:7; Am 8:4 Ez 16:49; 18:12; 22:29 w37:14 Jb24:4, 14 Pr30:14—cf w 109:16 supr. —{all || "9 ) Je 5:28 (|| DIN?) 2:34 ; cared for by good Jb 29:16 ; 30:25 (|| OPTAWP) 31:19 w1l2:9 Est 9:22; Pr 14:31 (||'27) 31:20 Je 22:16 (|| °1Y ); care of them enjoined, negatively Ex 23:6; = cf Dt24:14 supr. — positively Ex 23:11 Dt 15:11 Pr31:9 (both || °1Y)—cf. Dt15:7 7), 9 supr. — y 82:4 (|| OF ); cared for by God Je 20:13 w 107:41; 132:15 Jb5:15; 18 2:8

= w113:7 Is 14:30 (all || 27) w 35:10; 140:13 (both || "JY ), cf Davidic king 72:12 (IV) = v 4 "RRMA (llid.), v 13 0?) (|| 97); needing help , deliverance from trouble, especially as delivered by God y 9:19; 12:6; 40:18 = 70:6 ; 74:21; 86:1; 109:22 Is 29:19; 41:17 (all || JY) Is 25:4 (|| 07) wy 69:34 ; 109:31.

Sta B Stade, Heb. Gram. juss. jussive.

adj. adjective.

subst. substantive.

tT mIPAN S* TWOT *® GK * nf. caper-berry (as stimulating desire) Ec 12:5 ( v. GFM 7PBE 18) sg OB, Mish. MIIVIN, cf NHWB; v. also S ie. capparis spinosa, cf Ri"? ;so Thes, Ew De, etc.; but Wetzst in De (Germ. ed. 1875) proposes 71°28 (as fem. of ]1°AX ) the poor soul in sense = MIVANG INNWI cf’ Symm S , where double translation ) .

tT nak S '© TWOT * GK °° n. [ m. ] reed, papyrus ( etymology uncertain; = Arabic , Assyrian abu DI “, AGI ) NPIN aX Jb 9:26 (craft made of reeds, light & swift, Heliod, SMP %4) = NQ™A7MZD Is 18:2.

Il. Pumal ys TWOT * ( perhaps at least formally justified as stem of IN (cstr. "DN ), so

Thes (cf. infr. ), but existence & meaning wholly dub. ; as real V Ba “MO 1887." Oy]

8 123°. according to DI © ?” FAN Assyrian abi = decide , IN = he who decides;

Thes (so RobGes Né ““O*+?7& cf Sta § '*° al. ) makes IN nom. prim. bilit., imitating infant’s speech cf. mannac , pappa, papa (cf. Ew * '°°*); also Assyrian bab

ZA 1886, 404 Jen ) :

GFM G. F. Moore.

JBL Journal of Biblical Literature.

B_ Vulgate.

Mish. Mishna.

NHWB Levy, Neuhebr. Worterb .

S_ Syriac Version.

Ri E. Riehm, Handworterb. d. bibl. Alterth .

Thes W. Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae .

Ew H. Ewals.

Wetzst J. G. Wetzstein

Symm Symmachus.

dub. dubious, doubtful.

Ba J. Barth.

ZMG Zeitschrift d. deutsch. Morgenldnd. Gesellschaft. RobGes Gesenuis, Hebrew and English Lexicon, translated by E. Robinson. N6 T. Noldeke .

al. et aliter , and elsewhere; also et alii , and others. nom. nomen, noun.

Jen P. Jensen.

ZA Zeitschr. fiir Assyriologie .

IN S13 TWOT * GK 3149; n. m. father ( Ph. IN, Assyrian abu , Arabic , Sab. IN CIS ''?7!? ai. Ethiopic Aramaic NBN , ) — abs. IN Gn 44:19 +47 times; cstr. IX Gn 17:4, 5 (cf in OD DIN ib. & elsewhere in n.pr. On Hal’s proposes NAN v. OFTIN ); DN (cf Ge °F") Gn 4:20 +; sf "AN Gn 19:34 +( MI [AN ); PAX Gn 12:1 +; PAX Gn 2:24 +; 1028 Ju 14:10 +6 times; pl. njax Ex 12:3 +; cstr. njax Ex 6:25 +7 times; sf. *NjAN (CN AN ; DIN ) Gn 47:9 + 15 times; ovniax 1 Ch 4:38 + 32 times (late); oniax Ex 4:5 + 106 times etc.;— 1. father of individual Gn 2:24 (+ ON) 11:28, 29 ©); 19:31 , 32, 33, + often (mostly JED); of father as commanding Gn 50:16 (J) Je 35:6 f Pr 6:20 (cf Gn18:19 J 28:1, 6 P 1S817:20 1K 2:1 ); instructing VO Pr 1:8; 4:1 (cf Dt 8:5 ); specif. as begetter, genitor Pr 23:22 Zc 13:3 “(+ ON) Is 45:10; cf Gn49:4 (J) Lv 18:7, 8, 11 (P); rebuking Gn 37:10; loving Gn 37:4; 44:20 (JE; cf 22:2; 25:28; 37:3 2S 14:1); pitying y 103:13 (in sim. cf. 28 18:5 ); blessing Gn 27:41 (JE cf 27:4 also 28:1 P +); as glad Pr 10:1; 15:20 cf 29:3; grieving Gn 37:35 (JE; cf 28 12:22; 19:1, 2f) etc. Also as obj. of honour, obedience, love Ex 20:12 (E) = Dt5:16; Ex 21:15, 17 (E) Dt 21:18, 19 Gn 28:7 (P), 50:1, 5 1K 19:20 (all+OX)(J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaph. of intimate connection Jb 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou ( || na) 4 °N TIN) PAN ). 2. of God as father of his people (v. RS *™" *), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Dt 32:6 Je3:4, 19;

31:9 Is 63:16 °°); 64:7 Mal 1:6; 2:10 (cf Ex 4:22; 19:4 (JE) Dt 32:11 Ho 11:1); of Je 2:27 (of idolatr. Isr.) 2177? AN JAN7) TAN CDN PY? DN; especially God as father of Davidic line 2S 7:14 w 89:27; f. of needy (late) y 68:6 (cf 103:13) (in npr., f. ofindivid. , cf. infr. ) 3. head of household , family or clan; "28 M2 as abode Gn 38:11 (2) Ty 22:13 +; = family Gn 24:40 (OMMDW) 41:51; 46:31 + cf Nul8:1, 2 Jos 2:12, 18; 6:25 ; especially techn. of divisions of Isr. MINDWA? IN MD Nu 3:30, 35 = a father’s house, ie. a family or clan; more often pl. (ONIN , PNIAN ) MAX N°2 = fathers’ houses = families, clans (cf Di on Ex 6:14) Ex 6:14; 12:3 Nu 1:2, 18 ff. (often in Nu) Jos 22:14 °°? without N° Jos 14:1; 19:51; 21:1 “(always P in Hex); also 1 Ch 5:13, 15 + often in Ch; cf, O77 MIAN WNT ( = ND) Ex 6:25 of 1K 8:1 1Ch6:4; 7:11 + often Ch Ezr Ne. 4. ancestor (a ) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gn 28:13 ; 32:10 (J; where used of Abr. &

Ph. Phenician.

CIS Corpus Inscript. Semiticarum.

Hal J. Halévy.

metaph. metaphor, metaphorically.

RS W. Robertson Smith, Religion of Semites.

Isaac); greatgr. 1 K 15:3 ; gr.-greatgr. 1 K 15:11, 24 etce.; cf 2K 14:3; 15:38; 16:2 ; 18:3; 22:2; often pl. ( = fathers, forefathers ) Gn 15:15; 46:34 (JE) 1K

19:4; 21:3, 4 2K 19:12; 20:17 +; particularly PMIIN AY IW 1K 1:21; 2:10; 11:21; 22:40 +; joined with "AX OY 73/?°1 1K 14:31; 15:24; 22:51 2K 8:24; 15:38 cf v 7, 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intens., NIN) TN IN Tn IN Ex 10:6 cf’ Dn 11:24;(b) of people Gn 10:21 (J) 17:4, 5 (P) 19:37, 38 (J) 36:9, 43 (P) Dt26:5 Is 51:2; 43:27 (where PWR PAN thy first father, v. Che) cf also Ez 16:3, 45 + often; pl. Ex3:13, 15, 16 (E)

Dt 1:8 Jos 1:6 Ju2:1 18 12:6 +; 18 12:15 ad fin read 0997921 We Dr . 5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gn 4:20, 21.6. fig. of producer, generator Jb 38:28 AN 307? wg (|| 70 7 ODI D717). 7. fig. of benevolence & protection Jb 29:16 DIVAN 2°D IN IAN, cf 31:18; of Eliakim Is 22:21 ; perhaps also of gracious Mess. king TY "2N Is 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di )—others divider of spoil(Abarb Hi Kn Kue Br ™"). 8. term of respect & honour ( Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope ); appl. to master 2 K 5:13 ; priest Ju 17:10; 18:19; prophet 2K 2:12 °°); 6:21; 13:14 cf 8:9; counsellor Gn 45:8 (E; cf devtépov matpdc add. Est 3:13 ; ta) natpi 1 Mac 11:32 ); king 1S 24:12 ; artificer 2 Ch 2:12; 4:16. 9. specif., ruler, chief (late) 1 Ch 2:24, 42 ©) ete. (cf Ew § 7@°). See also Ew °°" 1574 11365 On the force

of IN in proper names (in many prob. a divine title), v. Che '°% BP» AB) NAMES WITH

No ib., NAMES , §§ 44, 45

+ WIPYTAN s © GK % npr. m. ahero of David 2S 23:31 read YNPDY so 1Ch 11:32, cf Dr S( We § SYA IN (v. sub ONIN ); otherwise Klo °.

+ ONAN S* GK ™ npr. m. (Elis (my) father, cf. WIN & Ph. SVIIN ( fem. ), also SYDIN > & SYDIIN our father etc.; Abi-ba’al KAT 2A sae RS A

4S NG ZMG 1888, 480 rakes TIN here, & in WIN etc., cstr. but this seems unlikely;

Che T. K. Cheyne.

We J. Wellhousen.

Dr S. R. Driver.

Brd C. Brendenkamp.

Hi F. Hitzig.

Kn A. Knobel.

Kue A. Kuenen.

Br circa., Messianic Prophecy. H Code of Holiness.

Ency. Bib. EB(i), q.v. .

Klo Die Biicher Sam. u. d. K6nige.

cf, also IN”?X ete.; views differ much as to these n.pr. and uniform interpr. is

impossible. Cf in gen. Ol § au) _ 1. Saul’s grandfather 1S 9:1; 14:51.2. = foregoing, 1 Ch 11:32.

t FON IN S73 GK * npr. m. ( my father has gathered ) son (descendant) of Korah Ex 6:24, Sam. JO°ON,so}O7AN 1Ch6:8, 22; 9:19 (cf Nes * '*).

| OPIN S *° GK * npr. f. (my father is joy (?) orig. SAIN 2( 7228 2) cf MT infr. & No 7G 188,537 pe) 1. wife of Nabal, then of David 1S 25:14 5 235 39, 40, 42; 27:3; 30:5 282:2 1Ch3:1; = PIIN 18 25:3, 36 PIMIN v 18, 2P2N v 32, PIYIN 28 3:3 . 2.sister of David 1 Ch2:16, 17 = OPIN 17225.

t JPAX S77 GK ? npr. m. ( my father is judge ) a prince of Benj. Nu 1:11; 2:22; 7:60, 65; 10:24.

tT YPAN S 78 GK *° npr. m. ( my father took knowledge ) a son of Midian Gn 25:4 1Ch1:33. Cf Sab. YIN, Hal “* 1?" also INV, DHM “MS 3%

t PAN S”? GK » npr. m. & f. ( Yah (u) is (my ) father ) —so 7 2Ch

13:20, 21 = OPIN ¢ 1K 14:31; 15:1, 7°, 8 ( ABiov, Ato); = TAN ¢ 2K 18:2 ( ABov, Afov8); = PAN 1S 8:2 +22 times— 1. king of Judah, son & successor of Rehoboam 1 K 14:31; 15:1, 7°), 8 1Ch3:10 2 Chilo, -22 + 126% 13:1, 2.3, 4,15, 17, 195.20, 21.22, 23,2, 2nd son of Samuel 18 8:2 1 Ch6:13.3.son of Jerob.I 1 K 14:1. 4. son of Becher, a Benjamite 1 Ch 7:8 . 5. head ofa priestly house 1 Ch 24:10. 6. id. Ne 10:8; 12:4, 17.7. wife of Hezron 1 Ch 2:24. 8. mother of Hezekiah 2 K 18:2 2Ch29:1.

NIVPAN S *°? GK ? npr. m. (he is father ) ason of Aaron Ex 6:24; 24:1, 9; 28:1 Lv 10:1 +7 times.

Sam. Samaria, Samaritan (rarely = Samuel).

Nes E. Nestle, Eigennamen. Hal J. Halévy, Mission Archéol dans le Yémen DHM D. H. Miller.

| TAP AN S >! GK * npr. m. (my father is majesty , cf. Tin, THPAY ) son of Bela, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:3.

+ DTPAN S ? GK * npr. m. & f. (my father is might , Sab. IN Hal MA

4) prob. = PPAN 2Ch 11:18, 77 1 Ch 2:29— 1. a Levite Nu 3:35. 2. aGadite 1 Ch 5:14. 3. father of Esther Est 2:15 ; 9:29. 4. wife of Abishur 1 Ch 2:29 .5. wife of Rehoboam 2 Ch 11:18.

t JID°AN S *° GK *? apr. m. ( my father is goodness ) son of Shaharaim, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:11.

t 7OAN S >’ GK *” npr. f. ( my father is ( the ) dew ) a wife of David 2 Ch 3:4 1Ch3:3—O°AN v. WPI.

i IND IN S*? GK? npr. m. (a father is El ; South-Arabic name ) son of Joktan Gn 10:28 10Ch1:22. Cf Sab. INAYAIN , Abmi ‘Attar a father is ‘Afar ((INWY ] v. ND AWY) Hal M *°, DHM “MO 1889.18 |

TAN S “° GK * npr. m. (Melek ( = Malik, Molech) is father ) — T2078 Gn 20:18 +—1. king of Gerar Gn 20:2, 3, 4 +, 21:22, 25 °°)+, 26:1, 8 (24 times Gn). + 2. king of Gath w 34:1 error for WAN , cof 18 21:11f;—a better known Philist. name substituted for a less known ( Hup *).> Others (Thes Ol De MV ) think a ¢itle of Philist. kings, cf’ Pharaoh. 3. son of Gideon Ju 8:31; 9:1, 3, 4+, 10:1 (40 times Ju), 2S 11:21. f 4. priest, son of Abiathar 1 Ch 18:16 error for T22°TN q.v. (Sab. also npr. f. Osiander 7% 186-20 ),

t ATIVAN S“' GK “ npr. m. ( my father is noble ) 1. a man of Gibeah in whose house the ark tarried 1S 7:1 28 6:3 ‘*?? , 4 1Ch13:7.2.asonof Jesse 1 S 16:8; 17:13; 1K 4:11 (? perhaps otherwise unknown; Klo proposes 2 T° ). 3.asonof Saul 1S$ 31:2 1 Ch 8:33; 9:39; 10:2.

Hal J. Halévy, Mélangs;

Hup H. Hupfeld.

Ol J. Olshausen.

MV Gesenius, Handworterbuch tiber das A. T. , edd. F. Mtthlau & W. Volck. Osiander E. Osiander.

Klo A. Klostermann.

tT OY PIN S”? GK * npr. m. ( my father is delight ) father of Barak Ju 4:6, 12; 5:1, 12.

TVDANX S ™ GK * npr. m. ( my father is Nér , orisalamp cf. 28 21:17; according to Lag BN ” = JaS ( = J2)+ 71] = son ofNer; of ABewvnp )

—so only 1 S 14:50 , elsewhere 1J2X —cousin of Saul, and captain of his host 1S 14:50, 51; 17:55 (9) +52 times 1 &2S+ 1K 2:5, 32 1Ch 26:28; 27:21.

t VWYAN S“ GK * npr. m. (my father is help) —= VYR Nu 26:30 —1.

a Manassite, called ‘son’ of Gilead Nu 26:30 (cf Di) Jos 17:2 Ju6:34; 8:2; and son of Gil.’s sister 1 Ch 7:18 . 2. a Benjamite, a warrior of David 2 S 23:27 1 Ch 11:28 ; 27:12.

+ “VY CAN adj. gent. Abiezrite Ju 6:11, 24; 8:32 = “VTYN Nu 26:30.

t O VAN S * GK © npr. m. (( the ) Exalted One is ( my ) father (v. Bae ws

'8°) of Assyrian Aburamu (2?) KAT * *” cf DL * P9179) 1, a Reubenite, son of Eliab Nu 16:1, 12, 24, 25, 27°); 26:9 Dt11:6 yw 106:17. 2. son of Hiel the Bethelite 1 K 16:34. Cf also following.

OAN S *’ GK ” npr. m. (id., Thes al. exalted father) Abram Gn 11:26, 27 +57 times Gn (to 17:5) + 1Ch1:27 Ne9:7; = O7IXN Abraham Gn 17:5, 9, 15 +172 times OT. (O72 connected Gn 17:5 by word-play with OF of 7145 ; really = QOVOX — ON) = ON which however is not found in Heb. — cf: Di > Hal REJ '**?!7’ who proposes 0°13 OF VIN cf Gn 49:24 with Is 41:21; so that O37 AN chief of multitude is the new name of Gn 17:5 (O79) V 707).

Spiegelberg 2!" 4 on Pal. npr. geogr. Ake’ ” brru = DIDN IPN (c. Egyptian art. masc.), in Sheshonk list. As regards etym., No '* al. expl. as ‘the

father [a divine title] is exalted’ (cf. ODT, 07°70, OH]N[ ).

x3 three times.

gent. gentis , of a people, gentilicium .

Bae F. Baethgen, Beitrdge zur Semitischen Religionsgenschichte DI] Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyriche Lesestticke .

REJ Revue des Etudes Juives .

cp. compare.

geogr. geography

l.c. in loco citato.

t WAN S° GK ™ npr. f. ( my father is a wanderer ( 3A )?) a handmaid of David 1K 1:3, 15; 2:17, 21, 22.

tT YIWPIN S °° GK © npr. m. ( my father is rescue , or is opulence ( cf. YW rich Jb 34:19 ; also YW Jb 36:19? but v. YW); Lag ° ” thinks from JAN ( =

Ja) + VW ef ABeooove 1 Ch 8:4 )1.ason of Phinehas 1 Ch 5:30, 31; 6:35 Ezr 7:5 .2.a Benjamite, son of Bela 1 Ch 8:4.

+ WWI S °' GK © npr. m. (my father is a wall, Sab. TWAX Hal “4 '* , of Assyrian Abudiiru Di * °° ) son of Shammai | Ch 2:28, 29.

WAN S ? GK *’ npr. m. ( my father is Jesse; Lag °% ” thinks from JaX (= 12) +°W? of: ABeooa[t] 1S 26:6 ) —'X 1S 26:6 °*°)+ 17 times 1 &28 _ WAIN 2S 10:10 +5 times 1 Ch.—grandson of Jesse; son of Zeruiah & brother of Joab 18 26:6 °°), 7, 8, 9 282:18, 24 + 20:6 (where read INV? S Th We Dr ) + 12 times 2S + 20:7 (where insert "WIN We Dr)+5 times 1 Ch.

DPwrAN S 3 GK ** npr. m. ( my father is peace; according to Lag PN ? = J2N)1a(+ OW, of, ABeooakopn )—'S + 1K 15:2, 10 = OVWAN 2S

a3 +, 20h 1120; 21, oO °WlN 2S 13:4 +—1. Rehob.’s father-in-law + 1K 15:2, 10 2Ch11:20, 21.2.3rdsonof Dvd 2S 3:3; 13:1 +90 times 2 S (insert

28 13:27 Th We cf. Dr; del. v 38 Dr cf We),+ ft 1K 1:63 2:7, 2 1Ch3:2 wl.

TAX S * GK *? npr. m. ( the Great One is father (?) so Ba ta cf. Sab. 1 ) a priest, son of Ahimelech 1 S 22:20, 21, 22; 23:6, 9; 30:7 °°) 2S 8:17 (read J?ANN7JQ'INso S We Dr) +22 times 281 K1Ch.

DMAN Kt 18 25:18 v. PPAN sub IL TIN.

Th O. Thenius. Dvd David. Ba K. C. Bahr.

+ TAN s 7 Twot * GK * interj. exclam. of pain, Oh! Pr 23:29 (|| 3X woe’). Prob. akin to Syriac alas ...! PS ** (| AW Ges less prob. as a subst. need from T2X , cf. PN).

NAN ( DI °° Ez.x, Pr75 comp. Assyrian [ abdfu ], torment, but dub. )

[ORIN s ° Twot *° GK] n. f estr. DI NDAN Ez 21:20; Di, as above, slaughter; but prob. error for NIU (v. FAV) Ges Co; opdyia Poppaiag, cf

OM VAN v. nv.

%AN Ss? TWOT ? GK 77! vy. 2°92 ON (1K 21:29) v. NID. "AN s 71-3 GK 3 v. IAPDN sub I. TAN.

“WY ODN v. TYAN sub IL 72.

PAN Ss? GK *! v. WIN sub IL TIN.

SPAN s 2 GK * v. DPIN sub IL. TAN.

1B

TAN s * TWoT * GK *6, 7]PDN s > TWOT * GK * v. 1.92 OPIN s * GK *! v. (PON sub IL. TIN.

NOCIN s ® GK 47 v. ONIN sub I. TIN.

PS R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus.

AW Abu’! Walid.

Ges W. Gesenius.

BD Baer & Delitzsch, Heb. Text. Targum.

+L J2N s © TWOT * GK ©] vb. turn (2) ( cf Assyrian abaku DI” = DI; Thes MV al. compare 712 ) Hithp. JIANN?) Is 9:17, roll, roll up , as volume of smoke (of Isr. under fig. of thickets of forest) v. De & cf BON Ju7:3.

+L DAN s © TWOT © GK §:35 vb. mourn ( Assyrian [ abdlu] v. DI * )— Qal Pf. 92N Is 24:7 +2 times etc. Impf. 3 fs. YONA Ho 4:3 +3 times— mourn, lament (poet. & higher style); abs. , human subj. Jo 1:9 Am 8:8; 9:5 Is 19:8 (|| J1& ) of. Jb 14:22 (subj. Wl); sq. °Y Ho 10:5 ; more often fig. , inanim. subj., gates Is 3:26 ; land 24:4; 33:9 Ho4:3 Jo1:10 Je4:28 (sq. OY) 12:4; 23:10 cf 12:11 ( sq. OY), myst? 14:2; pastures Am 1:2 . Hithp. — Pf. Yanna 18 15:35 ; Impf. YANN? Ez 7:12, 27; PANN?) Gn 37:34 +3 timesetc.; Imv. fs. PANN 2S 14:2; Pt. Yann 1S 16:1 +2 times etc.;— mourn (mostly prose) especially for dead, sq.

OY Gn 37:34 2S 13:37; 14:2; 19:2 ( || 722) 2 Ch 35:24, cf also Is 66:10 (over Jerusalem); abs. 1.Ch 7:22; cf 28S 14:2 play the mourner (where indic. by dress);

over unworthy Saul sq. 28 18 15:35; 16:1; over sin sq. OY Ezr 10:6 cf. (abs. ) Ne 8:9 ; judgment of '” Ex 33:4 abs. (indic. by dress), Nu 14:39 Ez 7:27 (del. B Co); sq. "2 18 6:19; calamity Ne 1:4 Ez7:12 cf Dn 10:2. Hiph. Pf. NING Ez 31:15 ; Impf. “YAN? La 2:8 ;— cause to mourn; Ez31:15 abs. MT,but A B

Co obj. OWN sq. 2¥, caused the deep to mourn over; La2:8 obj. wall etc.; (both these fig. ; cf Qal).

+ IN S ° TWOT “ GK © n. m. Gn 50:11 mourning — abs. Gn 50:10 +

17 times; cstr. 27:41 +3 times; JPA Is 60:20 ; OvAN Je 31:13 —for dead, cstr. Gn 27:41 Dt 34:8 (|| 22.) so T°? 'N sim. for grievous mourning Am 8:10, id. metaph. Je 6:26 (|| OWI TBO ); Gn 50:11 ©? Je 16:7 cf 28 19:33 AWY 'N Ez 24:17 (v. Co) sq. ” Gn 50:10 (v. also IL. 2ON ad fin. ); for calamity, Est 4:3; 9:22 (|| Tid; contr. DV OF) Jb 30:31 (|| 717 O°) Is 60:20; 61:3 (where appar. = mourning garb, sq. TAN NOY, v. also Bi Che on text; || 919 M32; contr. FWY AW); Je 31:13 (|| NW), La 5:15 (|| 9109), Am 5:16 (|| TBO ); cof IY? nj. 'N Mi 1:8; = time, period of mourning 2 S$ 11:27; n°2

Imv. Imperative.

A Alexandrine MS. of Setpuagint. contr. contract, contracted.

Bi G. Bickell.

'N Ec 7:2 (||"25NW, v 4 (|| THAW 'D ); 'X 7722 garments of mourning 2S 14:2...

DIN YAN v. 0 DDN sub IL. YAN.

+1 24N s 758° TWoT °-” GK &- adj. mourning —'N Gn 37:35. Est

6:12; cstr. “DAN w 35:14; O°AN Jb 29:25 Is 61:2 etc.;—for dead Gn 37:35 ( cp. 50:11), calamity Est 6:12; fig. La 1:4 (pred., inanim. subj.), elsewhere as

subst. mourner; sg. w 35:14 (cstr. ) for dead (|| 17/2; pl. Jb 29:25 abs. ; for calamity Is 57:18; 61:2 , 3 (where mourners for Zion, or of Zion, v. Di ).

Il. 5X TWOT ’ ( perhaps grow green, cf. grass; Lag ®\ * proposes withstand ,

hence 3AN as withstanding scorching sun (protected by trees, springs, hence also ( Lag ) camel . conject. very dub. ; connex. ( Lag ) of withstand , with herbage, forage (sometimes dry ) improb., and of latter with herd of camels obscure; V meaning grow

green unattested; Syriac ,, Talm x22? , Pun. Bar , ‘ grass ,’ appar. = a specific kind of fodder, Gypwotic , v. Low “° '*! (GEM, privately). )

aie DAN S 9758-9 TWOT %:™ GK &: n. f 1. meadow (?) 1S 6:18 MT but read JAN cf v 14, 15 S We Dr 2. npr.loc. city in N. Isr. 1 S 20:18, near Beth Maacah v 14 = DY¥A N'A 22N v 15 (soalso v 14 Ew Th We Klo Dr), 1K 15:20 2K 15:29; = 0° 'X 2 Ch 16:4 ( = Abil el Kamh wheat- meadow NW. of Dan. & S. of Mutulleh Rob ®® "3”). 3, DUWA YAN n.pr.loc. ( = acacia-meadow ) in lowlands of Moab Nu 33:49; = OW Nu 25:1 Mi6:5 ( = Tel Kefrein (?) Tristr & Merrill PPS°° “Semen ) 4, E779 DAN n.pr.loc. ( = vineyard-meadow )in Ammon Ju 11:33 (v. Euseb. APeAaumerov ). 5. aly; ming n.pr.loc. ( = dance-meadow ) Ju7:22 1K 4:12; Elisha’s birthplace 19:16 (v Euseb. AfeApoedrat ). 6. O° 787 2AN n.pr.loc. ( = meadow of Egypt , i.e.

sg. singular.

Lag P. de Lagarde.

Talm ?Talmud.

Low J. Low, Aramdische Pflanzennamen .

n.pr.loc. nomen proprium loci, proper name of place. Rob E. Robinson, Biblical Resarches.

Tristr H. B. Tritram.

PESoc American Palestine Explor. Society.

fertile as Egypt?) E. of Jordan Gn 50:11 (where interpr. as if 'O IN , SO Bs v. Di).

t DIN S *' TWOT ® GK © ady. 7. in older Heb. with an asseverative force,

verily, of a truth Gn 42:21 28 14:5 1K 1:43 2K 4:14, witha slight advers. force, nay, but Gn 17:19 (P ). 8. in late Heb. as a decided adversative, howbeit, but Dn 10:7, 21 Ezr10:13 2Ch1:4; 19:3; 33:17 (cf Arabic ofa truth , sometimes, from the context, nay rather Qor 2:82, 94, 110, 129, 149, 165, 261; 3:143; 4:52 etc.)

Ill. 5X TWOT ™( cf. Arabic able to manage camels , from, coll. , Sab. ION

ZMG 1883, 329 camel DHM “M& 188.329) |

tT D958 S'? GK 7! npr. m. ( ? camel-driver GFM (privately) queries whether, if genuine, name may not be theophoric (x + 7/ ), poss. error for INDIN ; or

Aramaic Aph. from val (which in any case may have influenced pronunciation). ) ; overseer of David’s camels 1 Ch 27:30.

28 s © Twor 2 GK 7”, 2298 s © Twor GK ” y. 92°.

< JAN s 8° TWOT 59 GK Mag n. f. Gn 29:2 ( m. 1S 17:40 2) stone (

Assyrian abnu , = the sharp, projecting? v. DIY’ '°’; Ph. JAX; Aramaic J2N, ; Ethiopic Sab. ]a[J2% DHM “° T°) = '§% abs, Gn 28:22 +; JAN 11:3 +;

cstr. 49:24 +; sf. IAN 2K 3:25; 0°28 Gn 31:46 +, etc.;—a stone (large or small). 1. in natural state, used as pillow Gn 28:11, 18 (E); seat Ex 17:12 (E ); cover of well Gn 29:3 °°), 8, 10 (J) causing one to stumble Is 8:14 ; marring good ground 2K 3:19, 25; hand-missile Ex 21:18 (JE) Nu35:17, 23 (P) 2S 16:6, 13, especially in judicial stoning, with vb. QO) Lv 20:2, 27; 24:23 Nu 14:10; 15:35, 36 Jos 7:25a (all P), so also Dt 21:21 2 Ch 24:21 Ez 16:40; 23:47; cf 1K 12:18 = 2Ch 10:18 ; with vb. 220 Dt 13:11; 17:5; 22:21, 24 1K 21:13; also Jos 7:25b (JE or D ); sling-stones Ju 20:16 18 17:40, 49 °°), 50 2 Ch 26:14; hurled by engines 2 Ch 26:15 ; set up for inscribing law Dt 27:2, 4, 8 Jos 8:32 (all D); as

memorial Jos 4:3, 5, 6,7, 8,9, 20, 21 (JED) 1S 7:12; as sacred pillar ( T287

adv. adverb.

Qor Qoran.

D G. Dalman, usu. circa., Aramdisches-Neuhebrdisches Worterbuch ;

) Gn 28:18 ; 35:14 (anointed with oil), 28:22 ( = I8MD) cf. 'R)AY AC PNIW? Gn 49:24 (v. Di); as witness 31:45 cf Jos 24:26, 27 (all JE); pl. gathered into heap (

54) over dead, Jos 7:26 (v. Di) 8:29 cf 10:18, 27 (JE)2S 18:17; 230n which meal was eaten, ina compact Gn 31:46 (?) (JE); built into altar Ex 20:25 Dt27:5, 6

(JED) Jos 8:31 1K 18:31, 32, 38; ch 2K 23:15 Klo (for 4257 ); of figured stone (forbidden) MDW? 'N Lv 26:1 (H); T7173 'N where ark rested 18 6:14, 15

also v 18 (MT pals q.v. ); (v. for other noteworthy stones 9. infr. ) 2. stone, as material , of tablets Ex 24:12 ; 31:18; 34:1 (pl) v 4 °°) (JE) Dt 4:13; 5:19; 9:9, 10, 11; 10:1, 3; of vessels, hence prob. Ex 7:19 (P;'’X = vessels of stone || O°SY )

v. Di; idols(|| VY) Dt 4:28; 28:36, 64; 29:16 2K 19:18 = Is 37:19; also Je 3:9 Ez 20:32 ; pavement 2 K 16:17; edifice 1K 6:7 cf Gn11:3;also 2S5:11 2K 12:13 1 Ch 22:15 ; often pl. of (worked) stones Lv 14:40, 42 °°, 43, 45 (P;in wall of house) 2 K 22:6 +, cf. of city-wall Ne 3:35 ; of (ruined) city 1K 15:22 Ne

3:34 ; tomb Is 14:19 ; NIV? O°IIN (costly building-stones) 1K 5:31; 7:9, 10, 11 ( v. also sub 3 ); “JAN Ww = marble (v. ) 1 Ch 29:2 5°} TAX = hewn stones 1K 5:31 1Ch22:2 Ez 40:42 (for altar-tables)— cf TJ}; 280 'N 2K 12:13; 22:6 2 Ch 34:11 ; foundation-stone, corner-stone Is 28:16 Je 51:26 Jb38:6 w118:22 ; cap-stone, completing the building, 7] WNIT 'NJ Zc 4:7 (but v. TID UX 7 w 118:22 as above), Zc 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes , prob. refers to this cap- or head- stone; the eyes are symbol of God’s watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found

in Orient, v. Guthe “°Y '*° ; stone-cutters 'X WI 2S 5:11 1Ch 22:15; 287 "No 2K 12:13 cf 1 Ch 22:2. 3. precious stone , gen. with modifying word 1/2? 'X coll. 2S 12:30 1K 10:2 +often(v. 2);O0 Wa 'N Gn 2:12 (J) cf Ex 25:7; 28:9; 35:9, 27; 39:6 (P) 1Ch 29:2 ; OND "SN Ex 25:7; 35:9, 27 cf 1:Ch 29:2 5 PBO'N Ez 1:26; 10:1; F3/PX TAN Is 54:12; VON (Nib. ; TPT) FID PAN 1 Ch

29:2; 10 'X Pr 17:8; 0n WX JAN (stones of fire) Ez 28:14, 16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban isdti (2) v. DI” ''® & “ *°: but Sm al. thunderbolts; also without

distinctive modifie Ex 25:7; 35:9; 'N wan engraver in stone Ex 28:11 cf 31:5; 35:33 (P). + 4. stones containing metal, = ore, Dt8:9 (v. Di) Jb28:2 cf v. 3

. + 5.a weight, as orig. stone (v. Pr27:3 cf: Eng. weight stone = 14 lb) O° IAN Pr 16:11 (cf Assyrian DI “ **); T2100 'N 2S 14:26 (i.e. according to royal standard; cf’ COT Gn 23:16 );'X]'N Dt25:13 Pr 20:10, 23 (i.e. different weights, for

dishonest use); 72?) "JAX 0°D Mi 6:11 ; just weights PIS-IAN Lv 19:36 ; mow 'N

ZPV Z. d. deutsch. Pal.-Vereins .

DI Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies?

Sm R. Smend (rarely = Samuel).

COT The Cuneiform Inscr. & the Old Test. (Eng. Trans. of KAT ? ;, by O.H. Whitehouse).

Pr 11:1 ; hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zc 5:8. + 6. plummet Is 34:11 (stones of devastation , or emptiness , cf. on sense 2 K 21:13 Am 7:7, 8 ); also made of metal

2720 'Nil Zc 4:10 (conversely plummet from plumbum ). + 7. objectslike stones; partic. hail, explicitly, TTDI IAN Jos 10:11 cf Is 30:30; WAsPN'N Ez 13:11, 13 ; 38:22 ; but also DJIN ny?°73 Jos 10:11 (E)(cf Assyrian DI ™ ** ); lime-stones TA JAN Is 27:9. 8. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water Ex 15:5 = Ne 9:11;

motionlessness Ex 15:16; strength Jb 6:12 ; firmness 41:16 ; solidity (of ice) 38:30 ; in prose, of commonness 1 K 10:27 2 Ch 1:15; also metaph. of one in fear 1 S 25:37

(i.e. petrified with terror, cf’ Ex 15:16 supr. ); "Nd ai) = perverse, hard heart Ez 11:19; 36:26; VWITIAX Zc 9:16 (of ransomed Isr.)— 'N personif. Hb 2:11 cf v 19 ; of Ez 13:11 (v. 7 supr.) + 9. In topogr. terms (nearly = n.pr. ); 73 2 72X Jos 15:6; 18:17; Yd 'X 1S5:1 cf 7:12, also 4:1 (We Dr); 'Nd INT LS 2019...

read W797 DAWN v. — here& v 41 (We Dr Klo); M7] 1 'N 1K 1:9 (where We Sn EIT! comp. Arabic Zuhal = Saturn).

#[72 8S TWOT ™ GK J n. [ m. ] wheel, dise. — Du . O°J3NJ — 1. potter’s wheel Je 18:3 (two discs revolving one above the other; name from likeness to mill-stones; v. AW '*). 2. N72 Ex 1:16 prob. = sella parturientis , = Sippot Aoyetaior bearing-stool, midwife’s stool (from likeness to potter’s wheel; on custom of labor upon stool v. Ploss 2*s We: 2nded- #35179 ete. & Cesnola Coll. from Cyprus, Metrop. Mus., N. York, No. 614, terra cotta fig. from 4th or 5th cent. B.C. ; Descriptive Atlas of Cesn. Coll." ?' N° * 5 of W.H. W[ard] PPS°e 2nd Statement 1873, p. 76 3 Spiegelberg ZA xiv (1900), 269 ff.; Randglossen 19 ff. expl. as the two stones [read

O° JAX J, ie. bearing-stool of ‘stones’ = bricks, tiles. dX Kt 2K 5:12 v. 0. dQ. DIDX s ° TWOT *™ GK 7 y. O12.

TAN Ss @ GK ” v. WN sub IL. 728.

We J. Wellhousen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten . Du B. Duhm. No. number.

+(OlAN s* Twor " GK *] vb. feed, fatten ( Mish. id. ;? Assyrian [ abdsw ] DI *°) Qal Pt. pass. fattened , D12N of ox Pr 15:17; D°OIDN of fowl 1K 5:3.

+ DIDN s '§ TWOT ' GK "7 n. m. Pr 14:4 erib ( = feeding-trough , on form v. Ges § %4412-8 ) of ass Is 1:3 (cstr. ); oxen Pr 14:4 (abs. ); PPro JOIAN-PY Jb 39:9 (of wild-ox).

+ OIANA S 8 TWOT '” GK 8] a. fom. ] granary ( = place of fodder; ? Assyrian bit abiisati D1 “ *°) pl. sf. TIN Je 50:26.

Nn Y2VIN s ® TwoT 7” GK * vy. yID.

VAN ( meaning unknown ). +L 7A S 7 GK *] npraoc. city in Issachar, TAN Jos 19:20.

+ JSAN Ss * GK © npr. m. judge of Isr. Ju12:8, 10 ( Lag sme TEL ie ABeooov, S ).

(PIX TWOT "! ( Arabic run away (cf, Lag BN >! )) :

+ fea s © TWOT '* GK * n. m. Ez 26:10 dust —'X Dt 28:24 +3 times; cstr. PIN Na 1:3; sf. OPIX Ez 26:10 — dust ( ?fleeing, flying; syn. WY = often

dust lying on or composing ground ) Ex 9:9 Ez 26:10 Dt 28:24 (|| DY ) Is 5:24 (||?) 29:5 (|| 7 2); fig. of clouds under Yahweh’s feet Na 1:3.

+ [Teas S® TwoT '!? GK * or TaN | n. f. prob. coll. , cstr. 7217

NjeAX Ct 3:6 powders of merchant = scent-powders. (On formation cf Lag )

BN 81

+ [ jeas S ” TWOT GK *] vb. denom.Niph. wrestle ( = get dusty , cf. Kovic, Kovia , v. also Str Pte AP 1h 4 DaNNM O9°997 AYA = sit at their feet;

pass. passive.

others, e.g. Di, comp. 27). OY PAN") Gn 32:25; Inf. sf. IPINTA OY v 26

TAN TWOT "° ( cf Assyrian abdru , be firm, strong DI )

+ TZN s ° TWOT '* GK * n. [ m. ] pinions (from strength, poet. & fig. ,

pl. in sense) as of dove w 55:7; eagle Is 40:31 ; 'Nd J) of king, of Babyl. under fig. of eagle Ez 17:3 (|| DID0 2473 of broad, overshadowing wings).

+ JAN S * TwoT '* GK ® n. f pinion (nom. unit ., poet.) of ostrich Jb 39:13 ; INTAN of eagle, sim. for’? Dt 32:11; metaph. of ? wy 91:4; 7°N)2N of dove w 68:14 ; (all || #)I5 ).

7 [ TAN Ss * TWoT | GK 87] vb. denom. Hiph. fly ( = move pinions ); of hawk 7I"T2X? Jb 39:26.

+[ VAN s * TWOT '** GK *'] adj. strong ; always = subst. the Strong , old name for Good (poet.); only cstr. in 3 Py? YAN Gn 49:24 & thence w 132:2, 5 Is 49:26 ; 60:16 ; PNW? 'N Is 1:24 (cf Che crit. n.)— Ba %® *' assigns this str. to VAN.

+ VAN Ss *7 TWOT '** GK » adj. mighty, valiant —'X Jb 34:20 + Is 10:13 Kt (Qr W235; cstr. id. 18 21:8; pl. O°VAX Jb 24:22 + ;— mighty (always = subst. & poet. except 1S 21:8). 1.men Jb 24:22 ( = violent) 34:20 1S 21:8 (read ONT '/N Gr Dr, cf 22:17; but Lag PPP opyn aka. *: Klo W933), La 1:15 ;22 “YAN stout of heart Is 46:12 ( = obstinate ) y 76:6. 2. angels w 78:25 (cf. 103:20 ). 3. animals; bull, sim. of king of Assyrian Is 10:13 (read VPAND & v. Di); elsewhere pl.; metaph. for enemies JWI °2N w 22:13 (|| 2°75 ); for princes y 68:31 ; for Edomites Is 34:7 ; hence even as sacrif. y 50:13

Str H. L. Strack. nom. unit nom. unitatis, noun of singular or individual meaning. Gr H. Gratz.

(|| DFANY ); of horses Ju 5:22 Je 8:16; 46:15; 47:3; 50:11 but Je 46:15 many MSS. Aq Symm Theod B many moderns read aX thy bull , i.e. Apis

OFAN s * TWOT * GK ” y. ODAN sub IL. TN.

+ 7] Ja S *° TWOT '* GK ”! proclaimed before Joseph Gn 41:43 (meaning

dub. ; many Egyptian deriv. proposed; e.g. a-bor-k , Copt. = prostrate thyself! Benfey Verh. d. 4g. Spr. z. Sem. 302 f , ; aprek , = = head bowed! Chabas RA '__but a= v =? also Wiedemann Altag. Worter "1883, 8 :apre X-u , head of the wise , Harkavy Berl. ag. Zeftschr. 1869 , ab-

rek : rejoice thou! Cook Speaker’ s Comm. Gn. ad loc. and p. 482 ; Lepage Renouf?S24 Nov. 1888, 5 f

&b(u)-rek , thy command is our desire , i.e. we are at thy service; Say ®*! Bab. 188

Assyrian abrikku = Akkadian abrik, vizier (unpub. tabl.), v. already DI + * 34>! '* who cp. Assyrian abarakku = title, perhaps grand vizier; against D1, v. COT &

N6 2G 1886 34 SHiegelberg nts" 4 exnl. as Egyptian “brk = give attention! ) . OVAN s *’ GK ? WAN s ? GK % v. ODIN, WBN sub I. TaN.

OVPWAIN s 2 GK OD OWAN v. OF YPDY sub IL TIN.

NAN ( cf. Arabic flee Frey ) . Authority for Arabic vb. flee is slender, but word occurs as n.pr. mont., and elsewhere ( GFM , privately).

tT NAN S © GK °° npr. m. ( fugitive ? ) father of a hero of David 2 S 23:11 (ins. also 1Ch 11:13. Dr *™).

t AN (48 Nu 24:7) npr. m. (violent ? Assyrian agégu D1“ ) king of Amalek 18 15:8, 9, 20, 32 ) , 33, also Nu 24:7 (E), as symbol of might; (Is 'X then title? v. Di).

Aq Aquila.

Theod Theodotion.

Spr Sprache, or Spriiche .

RA Revue Archéologique. Cook Stanley A. Cook.

Say A. H. Sayce.

Dr S. R. Driver, Text of Samuel.

t PPSy' S °! GK *8 adj. gent. of Haman ( = Amalekite? so Jew. trad. & cf. Jos Pm SHO Est Sl, 102 8:3, 52 9:24

TAN TWOT *° ( bind ,so Talm TAX , Aramaic TAX . Aramaic 'N ( Talm, once, Levy ) prob. Hebraism. )

+ TAN S °° TWOT '* GK ” n. f. band ( Mishn. 7713X cf NHWB ) 1. pl. cstr. 1VI2 NITAN bands, thongs (fastening ox-bow) metaph. of fetters of slavery Is 58:6 . 2. DITN NAN bunch of hyssop Ex 12:22 .3.'X abs. band of men (

of 22 Eng. band ) 2S 2:25. 4. INFAN vault of the heavens (as fitted together, constructed, cf’ Arabic ) Am 9:6.

+ TAX s ° TWOT 'S GK ' n. [ m. J nuts (coll. ( NH id. , NTSNON , Arabic , Ethiopic Aramaic , NJIAN ; cf Pers. , whence prob. TAN as loan-word ) Ct 6:11.

DIN TWOT "” ( Hoffm ''°°-8° comp. Arabic restrict , Ethiopic a certain one (name withheld ), etc. )

pt S °° TWOT '”™ GK '° n. [ m. ] usually trans. drop , 7077238 dew-drops

Jb 38:28 (|| 1072) so Vrss De Di; Hoffm ‘ Riickstande ,’ ‘ Ansammlungen ,’ i.e. collections, stores, reserve-supply .

t mo S °’ GK '™ nupr.loc. town in Moab Is 15:8 ; (meaning?);? cf.

AiyoAew (Euseb.) 9 m. S. of Areopolis; v. Lag On™ 778 98: ed: 2.p. 244

ON TWOT '* ( troubled, sad , Assyrian agdmu Dl “ cf. Arabic loathe; also marshy jungle ; Arabic also = spoil (of water); cf’ = pool, reed-bed (also tangled thicket , etc.) Lane, and marsh Dozy *''.) cf. DIY.

Jos Fl. Josephus, Antiquities

Levy Jacob Levy.

NH New (Late) Hebrew.

Hoffm G. Hoffmann.

Vrss Old Versions.

Lag P. de Lagarde, Onomastica Sacra .

+ OMN s °° TwoT ' GK 1°! n. [ m. ] troubled pool ( Aramaic id. , , Assyrian agammu DI “ ) —'X abs. Is 35:7; cstr. 41:18 + 2times; ODN Ex 8:1 + 2 times; 724N Is 14:23 ; OFAN Ex 7:19 — 1. troubled or muddy (glomy) pools or marshes , pl. O° 'N Is 14:23 . 2. any pool, pond, sg. O77 'N Is 41:18 w 107:35 ; 114:8; pl. without O° Ex 7:19; 8:1 (P) Is 42:15 .3. swamp-reed, rush ( = JAAN) Je 51:32.

+[ O48 s ° TWoT ' GK 1°] adj. sad ( cf Mish. ) W2I-793N Is 19:10.

+ 138 s °° TwoT ? GK 1°, TIAN s °° TWwoT ”? GK '? na. [ m. | rush, bulrush . 1. used as cord or line Jb 40:26 (of twisted rushes, or spun of rush- fibre, cf Di ad loc. ); as fuel 41:12; sim. of bending head Is 58:5 . 2. metaph. of

the lowly, insignif. (|| DD) Is 9:13; 19:15.

JAN TWOT 7° ( prob. circular, round , cf. Arabic ball of cheek & v. Talm. 31%

curved rim of a vessel ) .

+0 7aN Ss '° TWOT * GK ''°] n. [ m. ] bowl, basin ( Talm. 218 , Aramaic NIAN , ; Arabic , vessel in which clothes are washed; Assyrian ( pl. ) agandté Dl ™ ) _ 1. basins used in ritual n IN Ex 24:6 (E). 2. 1900 JAX, sim. of curves of body Ct 7:3 .3. metaph. of family of Eliakim. N1IaN7 ure) = basin-vessels Is 22:24 ( = bowl-shaped vessels Che ) opp. %D O37 ; both || JOPd 9 :

DAN TWOT 7! ( Assyrian stem of agappu , wing, cf DI™ )

+[ FAN Ss '° TWOT ** GK |] n. [ m. ] band, army (loan-word, orig. wing of army; Assyrian agappu , Aramaic "|X , wing . Others, from *]}DX, Sta § °°”) — All Ez. & all pl. (or du. ?) PBAN Ez 38:9; 39:4; PBAN 12:14 +3 times; WDIAN

38:6 (all c. “9 except 38:22 )— bands, armies of king of Judah Ez 12:14; 17:21

; hordes (RV ) of Gog 38:9, 22; 39:4; specif. of V3 38:6; of maaan ib.

Dozy R. Dozy, (usually) Supple. aux Dict. Arabes. opp. opposite, as opposed to, or contrasted with. RV Revised Version.

+L JAN s ' TWOT ” GK '?] vb. gather (food)—only Qal— PF. TIRE, of ant Pr 6:8 (obj. DOND ; Impf. 2 ms. 7 AXA of Isr. Dt 28:39 ( obj. = grapes, not expr. Pt. 7722 73 8 subst. one who gathers (abs. ) Pr. 10:5.

Il. TAN TWOT ” ( pay, hire , Arabic Aramaic TAN ,, Assyrian agdru Dl Ww Palm. SON Reck ZMG 1888: 396 )

VAN S * GK '°! npr. m. (perhaps hireling , Arabic Aramaic NAN, v. PS,

Assyrian agiru , cf. Hpt 2S ''*; others gatherer , from 1. VAN ) son of rip. , an

author of proverbs Pr 30:1. +L ADIN SS TWOT %* GK |] n. f. payment , 409 NAN 1S 2:36.

N7ax s '°’ TWOT *” GK | n. f. letter, letter-missive (late, prob. loan-word,

Assyrian egirtu DI © )— abs. Ne 2:8 +2 times; cstr. Est 9:29; pl. NITAX abs. 2 Ch 30:1 +3 times; estr. Ne 2:9; O°N TAN Ne 6:17 — letter , especially royal

letter 2 Ch 30:1, 6 Ne2:7, 8, 9; butalso others Ne 6:5, 17, 19 Es 9:26, 29

(|| 12D vv 20, 30; other syn. M97, IAW! q.v. )

QUOTAS s % Twor % GK! y, DUTD.

FN s 1° Twor 38" GK | y. ATI.

3K. S° rwor* GK NITRA §® Ss twor Gx TK, +t JIN S '!° TWOT * GK ''’] vb. grieve ; Hiph. inf. DTN? ( ~ INT? Ges

§ 33-7) to cause to grieve 1S 2:33 .(But Dr proposes 1779? from 117 q.v. )

t ONIN S 9 GK '8 npr. m. 3rd son of Ishmael ( cf. Arabic invite, discipline?) Gn 25:13. 1 Ch 1:29 (Assyrian Jdiba’il etc., name of north. Arabic tribe DI ® 3°'; cf Minzan 227% DHM in MV ).

Palm. Palmyrene. BAS Beitrdge zur Assyriologie u. Semit. Sprachwissenschaft , edd. D1. & Hpt.

TIN (2 cf Arabic strength ). + JIN S |? TWOT * GK |”? npr. m. a chief Israelite Ezr 8:17‘). TIN S' GK '? npr. mv. 777.

NPTN S ''8 GK °° npr. m. 5th son of Haman Est 9:8 ( Pers.?).

I. OTN TWOT *°*°( cf. Assyrian [ adému | make, produce (?) DI “ © 1%),

OTN S 120, 121 TWOT 25a GK BAD OSs EP ROA aos n. m. Gn 1:27 man, mankind ( Ph. O7N, Sab. id., CIS” ''* al.; cf Assyrian admu , young (of bird) DI “, but No “9 '*8°7? identif. with Arabic coll. creatures )—Sg. abs. except cstr. Pr6:12 cf Thes;('X)a( 722 often = pl. of 8 Gn 11:5 +39 times, cf. "Ni njia Gn 6:2 , 4)—1.aman( = Ger. Mensch ) = human being Gn 2:5, 7°7), 8, 15, 16, 18 +, 16:12 (27 times J) Lv 5:4 (|| WD]) 13:2, 9 (19 times P) Ne 2:10 Is 13:12 (|| WIN); 217K (NI Jos 14:15 (E); 'S

3y7D Pr 6:12 (|| TN WR cf 18 25:25 & v. 29°); = any one Lv 1:2 Nu 9:6, 7 Jb 20:29; 27:13 Pr15:20; 21:16, 20; 24:30 Ec 7:20 + often WisdLt ,

Je 2:6; 4:25 Ne2:12, cf 'X WI Nu 19:11, 13 +; seld. man opp. woman Gn 2:22 ©?) 23, 25; 3:8, 12, 17, 20, 21 Ec 7:28 .2. coll. man, mankind Gn 1:26; 9:5, 6 °3)+(P 28 times) 6:1, 5, 6, 7 (JE24 times) Dt 4:32 (D 6 times) (on 2$7:19 cf 1Ch17:17 v. Dr ™); distinctly = men+women Gn 1:27; 5:1 Nu 5:6; given as name Gn 5:2; but = warriors Is 22:6 'N 2D) (|| O°W7D ); || beasts (41 times) WI2 Gn 6:7; 7:23 (J?) Ex 8:13, 14; 9:9, 10 (P ) 9:19, 22, 25; 12:12; 13:2, 13, 15 (all J) +; late proph. Je 21:6; 31:27; 50:3 ; 51:62 Ez14:13, 17, 19, 21; 25:13; 29:8, 11; 32:13 (del. Co)

36:11 Jon3:8 Zp 1:3 HgI:11 Zc 2:8; 8:10;|| Wa Ez4:15;|| JX, 07 00, 'D Nu 31:28; || id. + TOTAINIDA v 30 cf Jon3:7;|| PM Gn9:5 (P) cf Ez 1:5, 8, 10, 26, & descript. of D2IND Ez 10:8, 14, 21 cf 41:19; || trees Dt 20:19 (read OFNZ v. Di); opp. God 18 15:29; 16:7 “7? Is 31:3 Ez28:2, 9 1 Ch 21:13; 29:1 2Ch6:18 Mal 3:8 cf Ex 33:20 Dt 5:21; so0'X "JQ Nu 23:19

(|| WX Ez2:1, 3, 6, 8 (87 times Ez, always addressed to proph.); "J2 ‘Ni 1S 26:19 ; made in God’s image Gn 1:26, 27; 9:6 cf Ec 7:29; as feeble, earthly,

seld. seldom, rare.

mortal Nu 16:29 ‘*?) Ps 82:7; 144:3, 4 Jb 5:7; 14:1, 10 cf 25:6 ('N772) Ec 12:5; as sinful 1K 8:46 2Ch6:36 Je 10:14 cf Nu5:6 Jb31:33 Ho6:7;

of men in general, other men ( opp. to particular ones) Ju 16:17 (cf ‘Ni TON v 7 , 11) 18:7, 28 w73:5 Je 32:20 +; || WX Is2:9, 11, 17; 5:15 cf Ez23:42 (del. Co Vrss);'% 722 28 7:14 (|| DWIX) Pr 8:4 (|| WR); yw 49:3 ; 62:10 (both || WX "Ja ) = men of low opp. men of high degree—so often Ph. and =

vassal Sab. DHM 7% 1879-680 ¢f 689 sv HT coll. Nu 31:35, 40, 46 1Ch5:21 Ez 27:13. + 3. npr. m. Adam, first man ( without art. cf, ww 1 Ch 21:1 over ag. WI Jb 1:6 etc.) Gn3:25 (J) 5:1, 3, 4, 5 (P) 1Ch1:1.(Gn2:20; 3:17 , 21 read hy) v. Di) ft 4. n.pr.loc. city in Jordan valley (as built? Jos 3:16.

WaTN Ss 78 TWOT *? GK "1°! 5.4 n. £. ground, land (as fitlled , Ger. bebaut ? Dl ™ '® , but Fleisch. (Merx “"""°°') comp. Arabic skin , as smoothly covering & close-fitting; V 07 cf Arabic smear (spread over surface); cf also Né ZMG 1886, 737) _ 98 Gn 1:25 +3 cstr. NOIN Gn 47:20 +; sf. "MOIN Jb 31:38 + 2 times etc.; pl. MAIN yw 49:12 — 1. ground (as tilled, yielding sustenance) Gn 2:5 » 935 3:17, 233; 4:2, 3, 12; 5:29 5 8:21; 19:25; 47:23 Ex 34:26 (all J); Ex 23:19 (E) Dt7133 11517; 26:2, 10, 15; 28:4, 11, 18, 33, 42,31; 30:9; 28 9:10 Is 1:7; 28:24; 30:23 °°), 24 Je 7:20; 14:4; 25:33 Hg1:11 Mal 3:11 w 83:11; 105:35 Pr12:11 28:19 1Ch27:26 Ne 10:36, 38 cf fig. Jb

5:6 (|| TDY ); personif. 31:38 Jo 1:10; also’NJ WX Gn 9:20 (J) tiller, husbandman, meton.'X 2] & 2 Ch 26:10 i.e. lover of husbandry (or do these point to earlier meaning tillage? cf DI™ '°)'N JAY WRN Ze 13:5. + 2. piece of ground , landed property Gn 47:18, 19 °°), 20, 22 °°), 23, 26 (all J) 49:12 (pl.) + 3. earth as material substance; of wh. man is made Gn 2:7 ( DY

'NI7]4 ); so animals v 19 (‘N77 ); altar Ex 20:24 ; earthen vessels 'X "W710 Is 45:9 , on head, sign of woe 18 4:12 28 1:2; 15:32; of contrition Ne 9:1 (cf

TON , Way ); (No Tv 1K 7:46 cf 2Ch 4:17 (firmness of earth , firm earth, clay-ground, for casting-moulds; or clay-moulds ( Be )? or is this n.pr. ? Klo

proposes Ya 72 TN in the red cave ); mule-loads of 2 K 5:17; in it lie the dead DYTNATN "IW Dn 12:2 cf Gn3:19, 23 w146:4. 4. ground as earth’s visible surface; 'NijJ O77) Gn 1:25; 6:20 (both P) Ho 2:20 cf Gn7:8; 9:2 (J ?) Lv 20:25 (P) Dt 4:18 Ez 38:20; also Gn 4:10 (J) Is 24:21 Am3:5 Zp 1:2 , 3; as wet with dew 2S 17:12 ;rain 1K 17:14; 18:1; cf personif. 'Ng DX 5 ENN Nu 16:30 (P)(|| PX v 32), vid. v 31 Gn4:11; of partic. place,

Be E. Bertheau. vid. vide , see.

spot UJ? 'N Ex 3:5 especially as abode of man Ex 10:6 Dt 4:10, 40; 12:1 18 20:31 2S 14:7; often 'NiJ 725 Gn 2:6; 4:14; 6:1, 7; 7:4, 23; 8:8, 13 Ex 32:12; 33:16 Nu12:3 Dt 6:15; 7:6 (all J, D) 1S 20:15 +9 times 5. land, territory, country ( = YX Gn 47:19 (J) Lv 20:24 (J?—|| 78 ) cstr. bef. npr. O7ISD'N Gn 47:20, 26; TT? 'N Is 19:17; PNW? 'N Ez 11:17 +16

times Ez; especially of land as promised or given by " to his people = Canaan Gn 28:15 Ex 20:12 Nu 11:12; 32:11 (all J?) Dt 5:16 + 16 times Dt, Jos; 1 K 8:34, 40 +, Je 16:15; 24:10; 25:5; 35:15 Ez28:25 2Ch6:25, 31; 7:20; 33:8; cf. also Dt 12:19; 21:23; 29:27 2K 17:23 Is6:11; 7:16; 14:1 +, Ez 34:13,

27 +, Ne 9:25 (naw 'N ),—in all c. 41 times + Jo 2:21 (personif.); WT Pa 'X Zc 2:16 (cf sub4 supr. hence also as Yahweh’s land Dt 32:43 Is 14:2 Zc 9:16 2 Ch 7:20. + 6. whole earth , inhabited earth (seld.; cf also ’'Nij 71 sub 4 supr. ) Gn 12:3 ; 28:14 (both J cf PDN 18:18; 22:18; 26:4) Dt 14:2 Am 3:2 Is 24:21. + 7. npr.loc. city in Naphtali (as built cf O7X 4? = ed-Ddame ?) W. of L. Gennes. Jos 19:36 v. Di.

t mAs Ss °° GK | nupr.loc. city in Vale of Siddim Gn 10:19; 14:2, 8 Dt 29:22 Hol11:8.

JjPdd TN s °° TWwoT ** GK '*° npr.loc. pass in Naphtali, Jos 19:33 v. djl.

Il. OTX TWOT *:”° ( , tawny, Ethiopic (only in derivatives), Assyrian adamu ? DI Ws of Lag BN 8).

+[O 78 s TwoT 2% GK 37 OTN s 9? TwoT % GK 31] vb. be red (on format. cf Lag ?S * “ '°)— Qal Pf. 3 pl. WAT ruddy , of Nazirites La 4:7; Pu. Pt. reddened, dyed red , O7N7) Na 2:4 (of shield), O°727N/) of rams’ skins Ex 25:5; 26:14; 35:7, 23; 36:19; 39:34 (all P). Hithp. impf. redden, grow or look red , O7NN? Pr 23:31 of wine); Hiph. impf. emit ( show ) redness (cf. ae Pe Y) y?ind VA°TR? Is 1:18 (of sins) i.e. be glaring, flagrant (cf also v 15).

+ OTN S 2 TWOT 76:26 GK !37 adj. red —'N Is 63:2 Zc 1:8 + Gn 25:30 C2) y. infr.; DITN Ct 5:10; f£ TIN Nu 19:2, pl. DTN 2K 3:22 +2

partic. particle.

times;— ruddy, red , of man Ct 5:10; horse Ze 1:8 ‘?? (|| i? TW cf. Assyrian DI W 87 6:2 (|| 1 MW ); heifer Nu 19:2 ; water 2K 3:22 (O7D'N); cf as subst. red, redness on garment Is 63:2,0 7Ni = the (red) lentils Gn 25:30 ‘**?, but read OTN v. infr.; cf alsoT2¥0.

<4 t Ov Ns '%4 Twor 7 GK 8 n. [ f. ] carnelian (from redness; odpdtov ; on format. cf Lag °™ ae | Ex 28:17; 39:10 (P) Ez 28:13.

+ Oo 7X Ss’ TwoT * GK |*? n. [ m. ] name of a condiment ( Arabic v. Anderson in Di; cf. Assyrian adumatu? DI“ )'8i Gn 25:30 ‘?) (J; so read for'Ni MT; v. Di).

OWN s 3 TWoT 7 GK 21 (+ DIN Ez 25:14) npr. m. 1, Edom (name of agod? v. Sta @'! RS 8™ 8. vid. npr. OINTAY; but Bae ®* !° thinks dial. var. of OFX , OWN 72 = OFX 1D) = Esau, elderson of Isaac Gn 25:30 (J) (where etym. = red, cf. v 25 (E?)& sub DTN ) 36:1, 8, 19 (P).2. coll. ( m. but f. Mal 1:4 ) Edomites, Idumeans as descend. of Esau Gn 36:9, 43 (P); also 1S 14:47 +31 times + 2S 8:13 (for MT OWN; S,v. 1Ch18:12 y 60:2, We Dr); perhapsalso v 12 ( S 1Ch18:11; MT ON but v. We Dr ); also 2 Ch 20:2 (v. Be);’X = king of Edom Nu 20:18, 20, 21; poet. 7J2

'N y 137:7 'N ND La 4:21, 22. v. now F Buhl Ss? Féomer (189) 3. land of Edom , Idumaea ( f. Ez 32:29; 35:15 and 36:5 )S. & SE. of Pal. Gn 36:32, 43

+ 32 times (incl. nw 'N Gn 32:4; 'N (DN Gn 36:16, 17, 21, 31 Nu 20:23 21:4 33:37 + );—uncertain whether 2 or 3 are Ex 15:15 Nu 20:14; 24:18 +9

times (chiefly in 'N 27) etc.)

+ TN adj. gent. Edomite Dt 23:8 1S 21:8; 22:9, 18, 22 1K 11:14 yw 52:2; DAIIN 2 Ch 25:14; 28:17;so0 2K 16:6 (Qr; Kt DANN, v. ON); O° WS 1K 11:17; f. NPA IN 1K 11:1.

Sta B. Stade. var. variant reading.

12-14

F Buhl Frants Buhl, esp. as editor of eds. of Gesenius ’s Handworterbuch tiber das A.

Gesch. Geschichte.

+ OFATIN adj. reddish ( cf. Assyrian ada(m)mumu? DI ™ ) of leprous sores Ly 13:42 (OF") v 49 (OJ"); f MOTI v 24, 43; NO v 19; f pl. NAIWIN 14:37.

t “OIN S 1.76 TWOT 7% GK '* adj. red, ruddy , of Esau as newborn babe Gn 25:25 (whence name Edom according to E? cf Di); of youth 1S 16:12

» 42 CT BIR). O° TX S'! GK "7 nprloc. v. 1297) sub TY .

7 NOTIN Ss? GE ** n.pr. m. a prince of Persia & Media Est 1:14 (cf Pers. admdta , unrestrained ).

JINX TWOT 7” ( meaning disputed; (1) cf Assyrian [ adannu | firm, strong; adv. adannis , strongly, exceedingly DI “ > (2) Fi (a) make firm, fasten (cf. ) whence TIN ; (b ) determine, command, rule , whence 117% ; (3) Thes Add., MV al. (a) intr. be under, low, inferior (cf. }17,), whence ]J& ;(b) tr. put under command, rule over (cf. 1°7) whence JIT ; v. also (4) Lag M *!°" , 97% from ).

[J7& Ss * TWOT *” GK ']57 n. m. Ex 26:19 base, pedestal — ]7X Ex

38:27; pl. DIIN Ex 26:19 +; cstr. "TJX Ct5:15 +, etc. 1. pedestals of fine gold, on wh. pillars of marble were set Ct 5:15 . 2. pedestals of the earth on wh. its pillars were placed Jb 38:6 (|| corner-stone). 3. (metal) pedestals, bases , or sockets in wh. tenons of planks & pillars of tabernacle were set up; two for each plank & one for each pillar Ex 26:19 (3) + 59 times in Ex 26.27.35-40 Nu3.4 (all P); cf.

Sm Co for JDIN Ez 41:22, of altar.

TIN s 18°36 TWoT 7” GK 13:15! n,m. Mal 3:1 lord ( Ph. J7N)—'X y 12:5 + estr. ITN Jos 3:11 +; pl. O°] TN Is 26:13 +; cstr. "1 TN Dt 10:17 +;

sf. IP] TN 1S 25:14 + etc.; (0) 7% ,°2 FN, 7] FN are variations of Mass . pointing to distinguish divine reference from human. PI. , with few except an intens. pl. of rank; word takes sf. as pl. in all other pers. ; so doubtless here. Orig. reading

Fu J. First.

intr. intransitive.

Lag P. de Lagarde, Mittheilungen . Mass Masora.

prob. in all cases °] 78 (v. Dalman P* Sotesname Adonal | Tag BN 188 makes °] TN an Aramaic format.); IN now found in J 51 times;in E + Gn 31:35; 32:19; 42:10 Ex21:5;in P + Gn23:6, 11, 15 Nu 36:2 ‘**? often S & K in Chr only in sources, 1 Ch 21:3 °°), 23 ( = 28 24:3, 22) 2Ch2:13, 14; Is & Je only in hist. parts Is 36:8, 9, 12 Je 37:20; 38:9; elsewhere + Dn 1:10; 10:16, 17, 19 5 12:8 Zc 1:9; 4:4, 5, 13; 6:4 w1l10:1 Ju4:18; 6:13 Ru2:13;°J7X 2 t+ Ex 4:10, 13; Jos 7:8 (J) Ju6:15; 13:8 is referred to God, but *]7X% °2 + Gn 43:20; 44:18 Nu 12:11 (J) 18 1:26; 25:24 (+718) 1K 3:17, 26 to human °, Q superiors. There is doubt as to] TN Gn 18:3; 19:18; °] 7N 19:2 )—+ 1. sg. lord, master (1) ref. to men: (a ) supt. of household, or of affairs Gn 45:8 , 9 (E) = w105:21;(b) master y 12:5; (c) king Je 22:18; 34:5 ; (2) ref. to God, JI7N3 Mi? the Lord Yahweh (v. W?) Ex 23:17; 34:23 (Cov’t codes); PINT77D TV7N Lord of the whole earth Jos 3:11, 13 (J) w97:5 Zc 4:14; 6:5 Mi4:13; MIXIN MN , earhier Is-1:24; 3:1; 10:33; 19:4 (71 78 Is 10:16 in common MT ; not Massora, doubtless scrib. error); 'NiJ Mal 3:1; 17% yw 114:7.2. pl. lords, kings Dt 10:17 = w136:3; Is 26:13 masters Am 4:1, elsewhere intens. pl. of rank, lord, master , (1) ref. to men: (a ) proprietor of hill Samaria + 1 K 16:24; (5 ) master Gn 40:7 (E) Ex 21:4 °*), 6, 8, 32 (Cov’t code) Gn 24:9 +(J, 11 times) Dt 23:16 Jul9:11, 12 +13 times S & K; Jb3:19 w123:2 Pr 25:13; 17:18; 30:10 Is 24:2 Zp 1:9 Mal 1:6 (2) (¢) husband Ju 19:26, 27 w 45:12 ; (d ) prophet 2K 2:3, 5, 16;(e) governor Ne 3:5 ;(f) prince Gn 42:10, 30, 33 (E) 44:8 (J) 1S 29:10;(g) king Gn 40:1 (E) Ju3:25 +40 times S & K; Ch only in sources 1Ch 12:19 cf 18 29:4; 2Ch 13:6; 18:16 = 1K 22:17; Is 19:4; 22:18 ; 36:12; 37:4, 6 Je 27:4; (2) ref. to God Mal 1:6; 0°] 7NJ 2] TN Lord of lords Dt 10:17 = w136:3;1P] JN w 135:5; 147:5 Ne 8:10;3172 IN” w 8:2, 10 Ne 10:30; '° J] FN Is 51:22 (prob. = thy husband, Yahweh ); 1 TX Ho 12:15 (possibly error for 38 ). 3. sf. 1s. 2 IN ( 1 TN ) C1) ref. to men: my lord, my master ,(a) master Ex 21:5 (Cov’t code) Gn 24:12 +, 44:5 (J, 20 times) 1 S 30:13, 15 2K 5:3, 20, 22; 6:15;(6) husband Gn 18:12 (J); (¢) prophet 1K 18:7, 13 2K 2:19, 4:16, 28; 6:5; 8:5;(d) prince Gn 42:10 (E), 23:6, 11, 15 (P), 43:20; 44:18 +, 47:18,+(J, 12 times); Ju4:18;(e) king 18 22:12 +(S & K75 times); (f) father Gn 31:35 (E); (g ) Moses Ex 32:22 Nu 11:28; 12:11; 32:25, 27 (J); 36:2 °??(P);(h) priest 18 1:15, 26 °?); (7) theophanic angel Jos 5:14 Ju 6:13; (j) captain 2S 11:11; (4) general recognition of superiority Gn 24:18 ; 32:5 +; 33:8 +; 44:7 +(J, 13 times), Ru 2:13. 1S 25:24 + (15 times); (2) ref. to God: 1 IN a. my Lord Gn 20:4 (?E) Ex 15:17 (Sam. 111” ) elsewhere in Hex, J; Gn 18:3 (?), 27, 30, 31, 32; 19:2, 18 (?) Ex 4:10, 13; 5:22; 34:9 Nu14:17 Jos 7:8; also Ju6:15; 13:8;notS; 1 K 22:6 2K 19:23; not “"" except memorials Ezr 10:3 (ref. to Ezra) Ne 1:11;

Chron Chronicles; a;sp Chronicon (e.g., Euseb ©" ).

4:8; WisdLt only Jb 28:28 (doubtless scrib. error for 7177” of many MSS.); not Ho; Is 37:24 ; 38:16 (hist. part); exile Is 49:14 (cf 51:22); Mil:2 w16:2 + (47 times, chiefly this sense, except sub b. ; cf. °] 7X) ON my Lord and my God y

35:23 ; (writers that use OTN seld. use 7] TN ); b. Adonay n.pr. of God, parallel with Yahweh , substit. for it often by scrib. error, & eventually supplanting it. In earlier Is 3:17 + (19 times seeming to belong here), Am 7:7, 8; 9:1 Ez 18:25,

29; 33:17, 20; 21:12 (prob. "” 1 IN as in usual phrase); Zc 9:4 Mal 1:12, 14 La 1:14 + (14 times) yw 2:4; 37:13; 78:65; 90:17 (2:11) 110:5 (Dalman puts most of these sub ( a );—many cases are doubtful); 1K 3:10, 15 (Mass. J 7X for mis’ cf. Dalm. 2K 7:6; Dalm. rightly questions; he reads 11:7” ). The phrases TON CLIN w 38:16 ; 86:12, Adonay my God; D7 2NI 1 IN Dn 9:3, 'X

WT WN 9:9, 15 ONT 'N Dn 9:4 favour taking ’N Dn 1:2; 9:7, 8 (1?) v 16, 17, 19 °°? as the divine name. 4. 717” °] 78 (a) my Lord Yahweh (v. 717") Gn 15:2, 8 (JE) Jos 7:7 (J, om.’ ) Dt 3:24; 9:26 Ju6:22; 16:28 2S7 (6times) 1 K 2:26; 8:53; prob. Am3:7, 8; 7:2, 4, 5; 9:8 Je 1:6; 4:10; W413 3 32:17 5.25 Ezacd4: 8:12 9:85 1113 = 20:39; 3733 (NOU ee”) 13:9 ; 23:49; 24:24 ; 28:24; 29:16 inappropriate in mouth of God; del. 138 ( Co ) or read O97 28 "(Dalm.); Mil:2 Zp1:7 Ob1 Zc9:14 w71:5, 16; 73:28 ;(b) appar. n.pr. Adonay Yahweh Is 25:8 Je 44:26; exile Is 40:10 +(10 times, but 61:1, 11 read 11”, ); (¢ ) uncertain whether (a ) or (5 ) in proph. formula VAN '"° 'X Is 7:7; 28:16; 30:15 ; 49:22; 52:4; 65:13 Je 7:20 Am 1:8; 3:11; 5:3; 7:6 Ob1 Ez (131 times); 'N ON] Is 56:8 Je 2:22 Am 3:13; 4:5; 8:35 9, 11 Ez(s0 times), ? (Nat Bz 63% 253% 36427 'S yaw Am 4:2; 6:8; 'N INIT TD: Am 7:1, 4; 8:1.5.7°2 TS 91 Yahweh my Lord w 68:21 ; 109:21; 140:8; 141:8 Hb 3:19. 6. MINIS 77 2] TN (a) my Lord Yahweh S. ( v. MINDS) y 69:7 Am 9:5 Is 10:23; 22:5, 12; 28:22 of MINDED DIN” 'N , Yahweh, the God of Hosts my Lord Am 5:16 ; (6) a divine name, Adonay, Yahweh S. Je 46:10 °°); 50:25; (c ) uncertain are '7 " 'N VAN 12 Is 10:24; 22:14, 13;'S OR] 7 ” Is3:15 Je219; 49:5; 50:31,

t Jax S '° GK °° nprloc. in Babylonia Ezr 2:59 (v. 2172 mopr. )

+ JIN s 4 GK id. Ne 7:61.

Dalm G. Dalman.

tT Pia 74 TN npr. m. (or title) king of Can. city Bezek Ju 1:7 ; without Maqq. v 5, 6 read prob. DINR, v. GFM Jul:s.

] PIs] TN S °° GK '* npr. m. Canaan. king of Jerusalem Jos 10:1, 3 ( Lord of righteousness; my Lord is righteous , or my Lord is Sidig —divine name— cf:

PIS D270, WPI IN, Ph. YVDIIN ete. )

VP] TN S °° GK mC? TS) n.pr. m. (my Lord is Yahweh, cf. Ph.

VOWNITN , PVIITN , WAWITN etc., in Assyrian Aduniba’al Schr *®"!”) 1,

fourth son of David 1 K 1:8 +11 times, 2:13 +5 times( = 79] 78 2S3:4 1K 1:5, 7, 18; 2:28 1Ch3:2).2.aLevite + 2Ch17:8 .3.achief ofthe people

Ne 10:17 ( = OP] TN 7:18 Ezr2:13 cf 8:13).

t Oj] 7X S ° GK '°° npr. m. (my Lord has arisen ) head of a family Ezr 2:13; 8:13 Ne 7:18 (1771 TN Ne 10:17 ).

t O71 78 S '! GK '°? npr. m. (my Lord is exalted ) official of Solom. 1K 4:6; 5:28: so also 2S 20:24 1K 12:18 We Dr ™.

t O7 78 Ss! GK eae ( contr. or corrupt, cf foregoing ) same official, under David 2S 20:24, & Rehob. 1 K 12:18 ( = O17 79 2Ch 10:18).

+[ VIN Ss '” TwOT ** GK '**] vb. (poet.) wide, great , (thence) high, noble (? Assyrian adéru D1 “ )—Niph. Pt. majestic, glorious , of " , VIX] Ex 15:11; estr.

VIN] v 6 (v. Di); Hiph. impf. VIX? make glorious the teaching Is 42:21 (” subj.)

+ TIN S “8 TWOT *** GK |? n. [ m. ] 1. glory, magnificence (Assyrian aduru, adiru ) ironic. of price of shepherd (symbol.) Zc 11:13 2. mantle, cloak (as wide ) Mi 2:8 (|| 7222 ), but read NT7N (D1 lost bef. foll. 1), so WRS PPh 47

Schr E. Schrader. KB E. Schrader, Keilinschriftl. Bibliothek .

+ OD TN s | npraoc. (two hills 2) city in Judah 2Ch 11:9 (cf Adopa,

Ant. viii, 10, 1, xiv, 5,3 A BR II, 215 Awpa, Jos“ “h*™>”): now Dira , W. of Hebron, Rob ae

t VIN S 4 GK 18-16 for. m. (noble ?). 1. son of Bela, grandson of Benjm. 1 Ch 8:3 (perhaps error— cf Be—for J] q.v. Nu 26:40 Gn 46:21 ). 2. city in Judah Jos 15:3 (DIN); = TIN Wi (qv. ) Nu 34:4.

+ PIX S|’ TWoT * GK |” adj. majestic —'N w 8:2 +; f. NTN Ez 17:8? (v. infr. ) etc— 1. majestic (wide, lofty) of waters of sea Ex 15:10 yw 93:4; aship Is 33:21; atree Ez 17:23; avine Ez 17:8 (NIN J2a,so Fi; or'N n. abstr. v. sub) JN inf. ); also fig. of kings y 136:18 ; nations Ez 32:18 ; gods 1 S 4:8; 0f" w93:4; 76:5; of name of” wy 8:2, 10.2. subst. majestic one , of nobles, chieftains, etc., Ju 5:13, 25 Na2:6, 3:18 Je 14:3; 25:34 (JN $0 YIN fig. so) 35, 36; 30:21 Zc11:2 2Ch23:20 Ne3:5; 10:30; 0f"” Is 10:34; 33:21 ; of servants of ” w 16:3 ( = priests? cf 1Ch24:5 & v. Che).

+ nTIN Ss °° TWOT **° GK '% n. £. glory, cloak —'X abs. Jos 7:24; NIN Ez 17:8; cstr. Gn 25:25 + 4times; INTIN 1K 19:13 +3 times; OAVIN Ze 11:3 — 1. glory, magnificence , of vine Ez 17:8 (so Thes MV, but< adj. f. from YIN q.v.), of shepherds Zc 11:3 (or sub 2 ). 2. mantle, cloak (wide garment) of hair Www Gn 25:25 Zc 13:4 (as proph. mantle, so perhaps 11:3 of shepherds = false proph.) cf of Elijah 1K 19:13, 19 2K 2:8, 13, 14; but WIW NDIX 210 (fine mantle of Shinar = Babylonian mantle—doubtless costly) Jos 7:21 , 24 (J) & (late) 'X alone Jon 3:6.

+ VIN Ss '°)'™ TwoT >? GK !° npr. [ m. ] 12th (Babylonian) month = Mar—Apr. (late Heb. loan-word, = Bab. A(d)-daru v. DI © 18% & 413% | meaning dub. perhaps adaru , be darkened, eclipsed , but v. DI es 1°) Est 3:7, 13; 8:12; 9:1, 15, 17, 19, 21; cf Palm. Nab. 7X Vog * Eut X”**.

Nab. Nabataean. Vog C. J. M. de Vogiié, Syrie Centrale. Eut J. Euting, Nabatdische Inschriften;

T TIIIN S '? GK 1%! nor. m. ( Adar is prince , Assyrian Adar-malik (?)

v. KAT? ae cf. ABK |”; or A. is Counsellor, Decider , cf Dl = Sa otherwise Sayce ®'B. 7. on Bab. god Adar v. Schr “SOW 188019 pi ©?! but Sayce

Rel Bab. IST T. Jen; k°*76 ai read Assyrian name Ninib ; on Carth. 1781” v. Bae

Be ) 1. a god of Sepharvaim 2 K 17:31 . 2. parricidal son of Sennacherib 2 K 19:37 Is 37:38 .

NDTIS v. paI77. OT TN s 8! GK 1 vy, DVIIN sub TIN.

YTS SO GK v. YT. UTX only inf. abs. WITN v. WIT.

IN s \’ TWOT ” GK 216 vb. love —Qal Pf. IX Gn 27:9 + 7times; DN Gn 27:14 ; AGN Gn 37:3 +3 times; J2 JX Dt 15:16; 3 fs. Tag Ct 1:7 +, ete.; impf. AN? (AJ) Pr 3:12 +; 1s. DIN Pr 8:17 (cf Ew § '* Ges §*"), 278] Mal 1:2; 1929 8) Ho 11:1; 029 8 Ho 14:5; O29 8) w 119:167; 2 mpl. JAINA Pr 1:22 (cf K6'?°™* Ges § °*?) JIONA Zc 8:17; PAIND y 4:3; Imv. “IDX

Ho 3:1; J2GN Pr 4:6 5 IAN yw 31:24 Am 5:15 5 IAGN Ze 8:19; inf. str. 1 AN Ec

3:8; 298 Dt 10:12 +; NIIX Mi6:8 +etc.; cf also sub n. TIAN infr.; Pt. IN (AIX) Dt 10:18 +26 times; f. estr. N2dX Ho 3:1 is prob. active cf Ba i Nie s sf. "29 XN Is 41:8 etc.; f. naa'x Gn 25:28 ; NIN Ho 10:11 etc.; Pt. pass. DIAN Ne 13:26; TIAN Dt 21:15 “), 16 — love (mostly c. acc., sq. 2+ obj. Lv 19:18, 34 2Ch19:2 (late), sq. 2 Ec5:9; abs. Ec 3:8 & v. inf. ), (affection both pure & impure, divine & human);— 1. human love to human object; abs. , opp. hate NIV Ec 3:8 ; of love to son Gn 22:2; 25:28; 37:3, 4; 44:20 (JE) Pr 13:24; so

also 2S 13:21 Ew Th We, cf Dr, of Dvd’s loving Amnon; never to parent, but mother-in-law Ru 4:15 ; of man’s love to woman; wife Gn 24:67 ; 29:20, 30 (cf.

DI Freidrich Delitzsch, Sprache d. Kossder; Sayce A. H. Sayce, Religion of Babylonia. KSGW Konigl. Sachs. Ak. d. Wiss .

mpl. masculine plural.

v 18) 32 (JE), also Dt 21:15 C2) 16 Jul4:16 1S 1:5 2Ch11:21 Est 2:17 Ho 3:1 Ec 9:9; but also Gn 34:3 (J) Jul6:4, 15 28 13:1, 4, 15 (where of carnal

desire) 1K 11:1 cf v 2 Ho 3:1; 97 'X loving a paramour, v. Ba N® '"°; woman’s love to man 1 S 18:20 (so v 28 MT, butread IN NIA N BNIw?-9D =) We Dr) Ct1:3, 4, 7; 3:1, 2, 3, 4 (5 times subj. "WI; cf. also fig. of

adulterous Judah Je 2:25 Is 57:8 Ez 16:37; of love of slave to master Ex 21:5 (JE) Dt 15:16 ; inferior to superior 18 18:22 cf v 16; love to neighbour Lv 19:18 (

Wap qv MAIN) ), partic. to stranger Lv 19:34 (both P), Dt 10:18, 19; love of friend to friend 1S 16:21; 18:1, 3; 20:17 °°?) Jb 19:19 Pr17:17 cf 28 19:7 ©? 2 Ch 19:2; v. also Pr9:8; 16:13 cf 15:12; v. especially Pt. infr. 2. less often of appetite, obj. food, Gn 27:4, 9, 14 (JE) Ho 3:1; drink Pr 21:17; husbandry 2 Ch 26:10; cf fig. of Ephraim Ho 10:11 sq. inf. ; length of life y 34:13 ; of cupidity Ho 9:1 Is 1:23 Ec 5:9 ‘); of love of sleep Pr 20:13 cf. fig. of sluggish watchmen (sq. inf.) Is 56:10; also c. obj. abstr. wisdom (personif.), knowledge, righteousness, etc. Pr4:6; 8:17, 21; 12:15; 22:11; 29:3 Am5:15 Mi 6:8 (inf. || infinitives) Zc 8:19 cf. Pr. 19:8 WI AI =) des obj. folly, evil, etc., Mi3:2 w4:3; 11:5; 52:5, 6; 109:17 Pr 1:22; 8:36 17:19 °°), cf 18:21 Zc8:17,w.]d Je5:3 Am 4:5 +, sq. inf. Ho 12:8 Je 14:10, especially of idolatry Ho 4:18 (where del. 123 cf Ké':???) Je 8:2. 3. love to God Ex 20:6 (JE) elsewhere Hex only Dt 5:10; 6:5; 7:9 +9 times Dt+ Jos 22:5; 23:11; also Jus:31 1K 3:3 Ne1:5 Dn 9:4 especially in (late) w 31:24; 97:10; 116:1; 145:20, but usually sq. name, law, etc. of w5:12; 26:8; 40:17; 69:37; 70:5; 119:47 +11 times y 119; cf Is 56:6; cf. also of love to Jerusalem Is 66:10 w 122:6.4. especially Pt. 29 X = (a) lover, La 1:2 (fig. of Jerus. ); (6) friend Hiram of David 1K 5:15, cf Je 20:4, 6 Est 5:10, 14; 6:13 yw 38:12 (|| ¥7)so 88:19, & Pr 14:20; also 18:24; 27:6 Abr. of God Is 41:8 2 Ch 20:7 . 5. of divine love (a ) to individual men Dt 4:37 2S 12:24 Pr3:12; 15:9 w146:8 Ne 13:26; (6) to people Israel, etc. Dt 7:8, 13; 23:6 Ho3:1; 9:15 11:1; 14:5 1K 10:9 2Ch2:10; 9:8 Is 43:4; 48:14 Je 31:3 Mal 1:2 °°) y47:5; to Jerusalem w 78:68 ; 87:2 ; (c ) to righteousness, etc. yw 11:7; 33:5; 37:28; 45:8;

99:4 Is61:8 Mal 2:11. + Niph. Pt. pl. QAINIT 28 1:23 lovely, loveable of Saul & Jonath. (|| O7VIT). + Pi. Pt. pl. sf "DqNA ( ss ) Ho 2:7 +3 times; P2GNA (

Wa”) Je 22:20 + 6 times; PATNA Ho 2:9 +4 times 1. friends Zc 13:16 ; 2. lovers in

fig. of adulter. Isr. Ho 2:7, 9, 12, 14, 15 Ez23:5, 9; Judah Je 22:20, 22; 30:14 La 1:19 Ez 16:33 , 36, 37; 23:22.

*+{[Qd& Ss °° TWOT ™ GK '”] n. [ m. ]love only pl. DIN, loves, amours; bad sense Ho 8:9 , but 'X nN loving hind Pr 5:19 (fig. of wife || noy? 1d ).

Jerus. Jerusalem.

4 t[ado & s'° TWwoT 7” GK '"] n. [ m. Jid. = loved object, sf. 02;

TT:

X Ho

9:10( =nYa= 2Ya v. Hi Now )ic. the idol worshipped; pl. = amours (carnal sense) Pr 7:18.

+ oag® Ss '° TWOT ** GK '?°' n. f. love (= Inf. of DAN q.v. ) —abs. 'N Pr 10:12 +18 times; cstr. NIN Je 2:2 +3 times; sf. NAIN w 109:4, 5; JN JIN 28 1:26; NAAN Is 63:9 Zp 3:17; ANIAGN Pr 5:19; ONAGN Ec 9:6 — love , especially WisdLt & late. 1. human (to human obj.) abs. Ec 9:1, 6 (both || MNIW ) so Pr10:12; 15:17 cf. 27:5; v. also 17:9; of man toward man w 109:4 , 53 love for one’s self ( WD] ) 1S 20:17 ; between man & woman Ct 2:4, 5; 5:8 » 8:6, 7°): Pr 5:19 cf also 2S 1:26 (Ow 'N ); personif. Ct 2:7; 3:5; 7:7; 8:4; cf fig. use 3:10; of mere sexual desire 2 S 13:15; fig. of Jerusalem’s love to’? Je 2:2 ( pn 3975 'N ), & of love of adulter. Jerus. v 33.2. God’s love to his people Ho 11:4 ('N MIN AY) Je 31:3 Is 63:9 Zp 3:17.

THIN (= 7082 v. Thes.) 54 + 7 8 S'° GK '7° npr. m. son of Simeon Gn 46:10 Ex 6:15.

+ TAN Ss '* GK '? npr. m. 1. a Benjamite, son of Gera, deliverer of Isr. from Moab Ju 3:15, 16, 20 a , 21, 23, 26; 4:1 .2.a Benjamite, son of Bilhan ( = foregoing?) 1 Ch7:10.

+ IN s '@ twor ” GK '7(,) interj. alas! Ju 11:35 2K 3:10; 6:5, 15; with ? Jo 1:15 O4°9 FN alas for the day! for etc. In the combination °] TN AIX erat Jos 7:7 Ju6:22 Je 1:6; 4:10; 14:13; 32:17; Ez4:14; 9:8; 11:13; 21:5.

T NIN S '® GK '8 n.pr.loc. town or district in Babylonia, by which a stream is designated Ezr 8:15 , also the stream v 21 ('N VI), v 31 ('X 1]).

+ IN 8 TWoT *! GK ' Ho. 13:10, 14 2) adv. where? = °N, TPN . So SB AW in Ho 13:10, & S (cf 1Cor 15:55) AW in Ho 13:14.

Now W. Nowack.

Taken by many of the older interpreters, and even by Ges in 13:14,as 1s. impf. apoc.

of 751 I would be: but this is less suited to the context, and the jussive form is an objection, being unusual with the 1 ps.

i, DAN Ss '* TwoT * GK | (settle down (?), Arabic be inhabited , cf, Assyrian Glu , settlement, city , ma’dlu, ma’altu , bed; DI & ™ 1° N& 7MG *1 (1889). 154, 720 doubts 277.8% = = dlu; but = dwelling actually in vulg.Ar. ac. to So °°").

< DN s '-! Twor 3 GK 15-1834. n,m. Gn 13:3 tent (cf. Assyrian dlu

, supr. , Arabic , fellow-dwellers, family , Sab. 27% DHM 7S 1883341 a7 also in n.pr. Sab. & Ph. v. INIAN ) — abs. '® Gn 4:20 +; cstr. id. Ex 28:43 +; Tq N (7 loc.) Gn 18:6 +; sf. YAN Jb 29:4 +; HIN w 61s 7 998 Gn 9:21 +3 times(v. Dr °™ **”); pl. OTN Gn 13:5 +(Ges § 3), DUAN 2 Ju 8:11 +; cstr. AN Nu 16:26 +; sf. "208 Je 4:20; PYI'N Nu 24:5 +; OD7GN Jos 22:8 +, ete— 1. tent of nomad Ct 1:5 Je 6:3; 49:29 ;'X IY? dweller in tents Gn 4:20 ; 25:27 (J); 7722 °2AN tents of cattle 2 Ch 14:14 ; of

soldier 1 Sa 17:54 cf Dr, Je37:10; 1K 12:16 J°27'X? PNW, exclam., to thy tents, Israel! , cf. 1K 8:66 2Ch10:16 28 20:1 (but cf Dr, 18 17:54); of

pleasure-tent on house-top 2 S 16:22 ( = bridal-tent, bridal pavilion, cf BT w 19:5 Jo2:16 v. RS ™"?') 2. dwelling, habitation; w 91:10 Tra 82 home (lit. in thy tent), pl. JD 8? Ju 19:9 ;'X °N°2 habitation of my house w 132:3 cf Dn 11:45 ; TIT 'X habitat. or palace of David where throne erected Is 16:5; 'N TPR Nh. of daughter of Zion ( = Jerusalem) La 2:4; 2 PY? AN Je 30:18 Mal 2:12 (|| DW); ATW 'N Ze 12:7 (|| TW MD); DYW7 'N h. of wicked Jb 8:22 , cf YWI'R yw 84:11, DW? 'N Pr 14:11; 7 WR Jb 15:34; DPI 'N y 118:15 ; OVX 'X = Edom itself, y 83:7 cf VP 'N w120:5 JWID 'N Hb 3:7; cf. Is 54:2 wy 69:26 . 3. the sacred tent in worship of God; ION the tent; TVW 'N tent of meeting of God with his people (tent of congregation or assembly Ges MV al. ) According to E Moses so called the tent which he used to pitch without the

camp, afar off, into which he used to enter, & where God spake with him face to face, Ex 33:7-11 Nu 12:5, 10 Dt31:14, 15; J seems to have same conception of an

'O 'X outside the camp, Nu 11:24, 26; D has no allusion to such a tent; P mentions it 131 times as 'O 'N ; 19 times as D7 Na (cf Ez41:1) & MTV 'N, tent

vulg.Ar. Vulgar Arabic. loc. local, locality. RS W. Robertson Smith.

of the testimony Nu 9:15; 17:22 , 23; 18:2 (as containing ark & tables of the testimony) cf. 2 Ch 24:6 ; this tent sometimes confounded with the ]2W7 but distinguished in 'O’/N JIWA Ex 39:32; 40:2, 6, 29, cf 1Ch6:17; J2WAD

27 NT) Nu 3:25; VON NN) JIWATTNN Ex 35:11 ; tent was of three layers of skins, goatskins, ramskins, & tachash skins, each layer of eleven pieces stretched in form of a tent, covring & protecting the }2W7 , wh. was in form of parallelopip. ( Ex 26 ). An TY10 977° N was at Shilo 1$ 2:22 (om. _; v. Dr) cf y 78:60, called FOV 'N v 67. The Mosaic 'O 'X was later at Gibeon 2 Ch 1:3, 6, 13 ; courses of ministry arranged for service at'O 'N 1 Ch6:17; 23:32 cf 1Ch9:19 ('N), v 21, 23 (‘Ni 2 ); David erected an 08 for ark on Mt. Zion 2S 6:17 1 Ch 15:1; 16:1; 2 Ch 1:4; Joab fled for refuge to 17” 'N 1 K 2:28-30; sacred oil brought from 'NJ 1 K 1:39 ; the TY1 'N was taken up into temple 1K 8:4 = 2 Ch 5:5 ; had not previously dwelt in a N72 , but had gone 27) NON 27 “NO from tent to tent , from one to another, 1Ch 17:5, cf 28 7:6; dV 'UX( || MW2& VW

WTP ) is refuge & dwelling-place of righteous, yw 15:1; 27:5, 6; 61:5 (cf w 90:1 ).

+L 7ON Gee Twor GE dead vb. denom. tent, move tent from place to place ( cf Assyrian d’ilu (?) DI © N° ** Ac! ) DAN Gn 13:12, 18 (J), ra 278 AW? (v. 278 ); Pi. Impf. 77° (contr. for JON? ) pitch one’s tent like nomad Is 13:20. + 94% npr. m. 1 Ch3:20.

+ TAN S ' TWwoT *° GK '88 npr. f. Ohdla ( for N24% she who has a tent,

tent-woman , 1.e. worshipper at tent-shrine, v. Sm ) of Samaria, adulteress with Assyria Ez 23:4 °°), 5, 36, 44.

7 INOVAN S'” GK ' npr. m. Ohdliab ( Father’s tent, cf. Ph. SVIIAR ,

TINIAN ; Sab. NAVAN : OROAN ) chief assistant of Bezalel in construction of tabernacle, etc. Ex 31:6; 35:34; 36:1, 2; 38:23.

t D?AN Ss '” TWOT ** GK '! npr. f. Ohdliba ( = AD?AN tent in her =

(in meaning) TAN cf Sm_) of Jerusalem as adulterous wife of Ez 23:4 ‘??, 11, 22, 36, 44.

t TMD IAN S'? GK '” apr. Ohdlibama ( tent of the high place ) 1. f. wife of Esau Gn 36:2, 5, 14, 18, 25.2. m. an Edomite chief Gn 36:41 1 Ch 1:52.

+I. (PN 5 16.167 TWOT 32-33 GK 182.183] yb. Hiph. be clear,shine, Impf. 3 ms. DAN? (subj. moon 17?) Jb 25:5 (|| IDI subj. DIDID, cf alson3ay? v 4)( = rat , from 297 ; (by text error?) cf Di so >=I1,. DIN Ko ' °°? , after Ki ).

+I. AX s'™ Twot * GK |] n. [ m. J odorif. tree, aloe (?) (? loan-word

' kr. Dict. babes Se Dn 2d ed. p. from Skr. aguru, agaru , dial. aghil , cf. Wilson *“" ™* ; M. Miiller in Pusey 2°7¢°*? 647 f. , “ $8 Aromata, Leipz. 1884, p. 38 f : : ; aloéxylon agallochum ( cf. Sigismund , MV cite Kondracki Beitr.z.Kenntn.d-Aloe, Dorpat 1874 Reden III, 293 f . 3 BL ia cia ads i & Baer “°°” ); others aloé succotrina ( Schenkel ~~ , cf.

Di ad Nu 24:6); Wetzst in De “'*4® '®’ brings under I. DAN ; he proposes cardamum , Arabic from = Jittle tents , from three-cornered shape of capsules ) 3. pl. DUAN trees planted by '? Nu 24:6 (|| Q°T7N ) perhaps error for O°7"N cf Di. 4. aloes , as sweet- smelling; perfume for bed, OFAN Pr 7:17 (|| 14, 73) ); for garments MPA W 45:9 (|| 1, NIV} ); of bride, under fig. of odorif. tree Ct 4:14 (|| 12, WRINID oniy3).

7 798 346 n.pr. m. Aaron, elder brother of Moses Ex 7:7 ; the priest Ex 31:10 + ; mentioned Ex 4:14; 15:20; 17:10; 24:1; 28:29 + (115 times Ex); Lv 8:12, 23 + (80 times Lv); Nu 20:24f; 33:39 + (101 times Nu); 1 Ch 5:29 +; Mi 6:4 (only

here in proph.) w 77:21 ; 105:26 ; called 17 39 Ex 31:10; 35:19; 39:41 Lv 7:34 +, v. w99:6 PI9 D2 'N1 TW ; also JJ DO /N7]D Ex 38:21 Nu 3:32 + (all P) called 11° Wii? w 106:16 ; often named with his sons Lv 2:3, 10; 6:2 +; 7J2 ’N in strict sense Ex 28:1, 4, 40 + often; mig 30 'N da. Lv 1:5 + Nu 3:3; 10:8 Jos 21:19 1Ch 6:42 ; of temple-priests in gen’l, as descendants of A., 2 Ch 26:18; 29:21; 31:19; 35:14 °*), v. also 13:9, 10 & cf. 'N7"J2 72 30 Ne

10:39; so’N M2 w1l5:10, 12; 118:3; 135:19; 7 798 alone ( = ‘8 72) 1 Ch 12:27(28) cf 27:17.

WN S Y8 -TWOT °° GK ?? 5 ( a ) , conj. or (whether aut or vel ). 1. Gn 24:49 ; 31:43 Ex 4:11 Ct2:9 Lv 13:24 Nu 5:30 + often (especially in /aws ); sometimes

implying a preference, nearly = or rather Gn 24:55 VWWY IX O77? a few days or ten Ju 18:19 1S 29:3 . Prefixed to the first as well as to the second alternative (rare) either (

Ki David Kimchi (Qamchi).

Skr. Sanskrit.

Schenkel D. Schenkel, Bibel-Lexicon. conj. conjecture(s); also conjection.

whether )... or Lv 5:1; 13:48, 51;+ 07, ifnot Ez 21:15 (siveral.) Ke Mal 2:17 Jb 16:3 ; 22:11 . 2. introducing a sentence, especially a particular case under a general principle, or = or if Ex 21:31 '0) M1? JATIN or ifhe gore ason, etc. v 36 Lv 4:23, 28 (v. Di) 5:21, 22; 25:49b; Nu5:14 28S 18:13 or ifT had dealt falsely against his life, then, etc., Ez 14:17, 19 orif1 send, etc. 3. ifperchance , 1S 20:10 if perchance thy father answer thee with something hard, Lv 26:41 . 4. once, with the juss. (as in Arabic with the subjunct. v. Dr § '” = except: Is 27:5 I would burn them together, TYA PIT? IX or else let him take hold ( = except he take hold) of my strong-

hold, etc— 1% Pr31:4 v. sub[ TN Jonp. 16.

t DNIN S177 GK '8 npr. m. a Judean (will of God, cf. 1. 71% ; or contr. from PRIN cf WYN?) Ezr 10:34.

mats TWOT *’ (meaning? Thes comp. Arabic return , whence K6é OM?" #15 C

1.504; Bib. Theol. i. 186 Arch. ii. 273 . Sta © 1504 Bib. Theol. 1. 186 Joy, Arch. 11-273 a6 Lediens , “revenant”: but doubtful. water-

BN 90

carrier; but cf Lag ). MV comp. 22 (with conjectural sense) to get meaning

have a hollow sound . Deriv. and signif. totally uncertain ) .

mats S ' TWOT 3 GK 19:7 9. om. Jb 32:19 skin-bottle, necromancer , etc.— abs. 'X Lv 20:27 + 8 times; pl. MIAN Lv 19:31 +7 times— 1. skin-bottle , only pl. OWI NID N new ( wine -) skins Jb 32:19 . 2. necromancer , in phr. 2X TUPI necrom. or wizard Lv 20:27 (H; usually tr. ‘a man also or woman that

hath a familiar spirit or that is a wizard’ RV ; but better a man or a woman, if there should be among them, a necromancer or wizard; no suff. reason for exceptional use

of phrase here); °] YJ?) 'N Dt 18:11 2Ch33:6 = 2K 21:6 (where 07197") 'N ); O12 9779) NAN Lv 19:31; 20:6 (H) 18 28:3, 9 2K 23:24 Is 8:19 (where repres. as chirping & muttering, in practice of their art of seeking dead for instruction, prob. ventriloquism, & so ) 19:3..3. ghost , Is 29:4 7) }¥D9¥N TN TAX Dy avalr, YIN IND and thy voice shall be as a ghost from the ground and from the dust thy speech shall chirp (so GG MV Ew De Che al. , but chirping might be of necromancer, as 8:19 ). 4. necromancy ain-n?y3 NY a woman who

si vera |. si vera lectico.

Ke C. F. Keil.

Dr S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses;

KO E. Konig.

Sta B. Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel. Now W. Nowack, Hebrdische Archdologie .

was mistress of necromancy 1 8S 28:7 O2)-¢< RS PB *V:27F makes DIN primarily a subterranean spirit, and signif. 2 only an abbrev. of 'NN'7V2 etc.); ANI OOP divine by necromancy 1 S 28:8 , which seems to be interpr. of 1 Ch 10:13 'X2 ONW

inquire by necromancy . (In these three exx. 21% is usually interpreted as ghost or familiar spirit conceived as dwelling in necromancer; but this apparently not the ancient conception.)

+N12N6 Ss 8 GK ® nopr.loc. (water-skins ) station of Isr. in wildern. Nu 21:10 , 11; 33:43, 44; not yet determ., prob. on eastern skirts of Idumee not far from Moab; according to Wetzst in De Ct 168 Wéba, in the Arabah, but identif. not prob.; cf Di on Nu21:10.

TIN TWOT * ( be curved, bent , also trans. burden, oppress , cf. Arabic ) '

+ TIN Ss |! TWOT *** GK *” n. m. brand, fire-brand ( orig. perhaps bent stick used to stir fire ) FDVWA IND 'N Am 4:11 = WNO'D'R Zc 3:2, pl MAN OIWYI OTN Is 7:4, stumps of smoking firebrands .

+L TIN Ss ' TwoT *° GK 8] n. f. cause ( perhaps orig. circumstance , cf. Sab. TIX enclosing wall) —only pl. N JIN Gn 21:11 +; 97% Nu 12:1 +;(8 times + 2S 13:16 vid. infra); 017 8 Jos 14:6; THT ib.;— cause , always with 29 , & cstr. , except Je 3:8, where sq. TWN; 'N79Y because of Gn 21:11, 25 Ex 18:8 Nu 12:1; 13:24 Ju6:7 Je3:8 (+ “9D ); = concerning (on occasion of) Gn 26:32 Jos 14:6 “?); in 2S 13:16 read, for NIT NPN, IN IN "> ~L It. We Dr.

+ DN Ss 3° TwoT °° GK °° n. m. Jb 18:12 distress, calamity ( under wh.

one bends, cf Arabic burdening )—'X Jb 21:30 +; cstr. id. Jb 31:23 +;° TR 2 S$ 22:19 = w18:19 etc.;— distress, calamity (poet. chiefly WisdLt & late); Pr 17:5 ; 27:10. 1. national calam. of Isr. (apostate) Je 18:17 Ez 35:5 Ob 13 ‘*); of

Egypt Je 46:21 ; Moab 48:16 ; Edom (WY 'X) 49:8; Hazor v 32.2. of righteous sufferer 2S 22:19 = w18:19 cf 2X 'Ni.e. from God Jb 31:23 & OPN NINN 30:12 their calamitous paths (sf. ref. to bereavement, pain, etc.) 3. often of wicked Jb 18:12 ; 21:17; 31:3. Pr 1:26, 27 (wisd. mocks at; || 7795 )

JPh. Journal of Philology (Engl.). LXX of Lucian ( Lag ).

6:15; 24:22; also’N OV Dt 32:35 Jb 21:30 (cf supr. 28 22:19 = w18:19 Pr 27:10 Je 18:17; 46:21 Ob‘? where || FIN OVP TAN OAY v 12, 14, cf aP

mm v 15). Bev (Ph 3 der. from Arabic be strong [also oppress, burden ], whence (or ) calamity .

+ TX s '° TWOT ** GK ''° n. m. mist (deriv. dub. ; Arabic = be strong;

that which affords protection, shade; otherwise DI “ '* ) Gn 2:6; 17X Jb 36:27. Arabic derivation very dub.; DI © ' * “8” KS 2:4 Hpt /4°S 1896, 158 f. Gunk

Gn2:6 Holz Gn2:6 Buhl cp. Assyrian edu , flood, mass of waters (V TT% ), editu, overflow (for irrigation); S B Aq in Gn 2:6 have spring , cloud , so Jb 36:27 ; add perhaps Jb 36:30 178 for IN (Du Dr).

I. it] XN TWOT *°°*? 1. Arabic betake oneself to a place for dwelling, etc.; 2. id. , be tenderly inclined .

+ i: ON S 336 , 337 , 338 , 339 TWOT 39a ,43a,76,77 GK 362 , 363 , 364 , 365 n. m. Is 20:6 ( + f. Is. 23:2) coast, region ( contr. from ?}8% so Ol ° '°*° ; place whither one

betakes oneself for resting, etc., orig. from mariner’s standpoint )— NX abs. Is 20:6 +; estr. Je 47:4; (Jb 22:30 v. subIV.°X cf Di) pl. OPN wy 72:10 +; PR Ez

26:18 (Co OX) Gn 10:5 + ;— coast, border region (mostly late), of Philistia & Phoenicia with adjacent country Is 20:6; 23:2, 6;so of Caphtor( = Crete) Je

47:4; 0°35 WAyva WR NT 997 Je 25:22 ; elsewhere pl. , coasts of Kittim Je 2:10 Ez27:6, of Elishah v 7; different countries (on orinsea) v 3, 15, 35; 26:15, 18 °) (last del. Co cf ) cf 39:6, so also O40 °X& Gn 10:5 (P ); partic. O°;7 °°N = coast-lands & islands Is 11:11; 24:15, || V]&d Est 10:1; v (without O?;7 ) Dn 11:18, & w 72:10, so often Is 2 incl. inhabitants, 41:1, 5; 42:4, 10 (O72W") OX || 3x 9703 Oo) vy 125 491: SS 5918s 609: 66:19 cf Je31:10 w97:1, Zp 2:11 (D747 N ); islands , distinctly (taken up by ' as little things) Is 40:15 ; coasts, banks , i.e. habitable lands Is 42:15 (|| N79] ).

Bev A. A. Bevan. Gunk H. Gunkel. Holz H. Holzinger.

t VIX S 38 GK *!8 npr. m. ( (is ) land of palms? Thes ) youngest (4th) son of Aaron Ex 6:23; 28:1; 38:21 Lv 10:6, 12, 16 Nu3:2, 4; 4:28, 33; 7:8; 26:60 (all P) 1Ch5:29; 24:1, 2,3, 4°), 5,6 Ezr82.

IL ¢ [8 s '-' pwor *:*! GK 7-7) vb. incline, desire ( cf Stem 2). Pi. Pf TIN w 132:13;0DIN8 Mi7:1 +, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. JINN Dt 12:20 +4 times— desire subj. usually WI , obj. fruit Mi 7:1 (in metaph. ); flesh (to eat) 1S 2:16, cf, Dt 12:20 (sq. inf. Wa? DX? ); food & drink Dt 14:26 ; of king

desiring rule, 7-32 072701 JW] TINN-WN 28 3:21 1K 11:37; obj. evil (VI ) Pr 21:10; once obj. Is 26:9 72°22 JM7N OW) ; of God WYP] AMIN WAI Jb 23:13 ; as desiring Zion for dwelling-place (late, only cases without WD1) y 132:13, 14; Hithp. Pf SIND Pr 21:26; °M INN Je 17:16; NDT Nu 11:4; OM INN) Nu 34:10; Impf. TIX? Ec 6:2 ; FINN?) 2S 23:15; apoc. WH?) w 45:12 , NP] 1 Ch 11:17, etc.— Pt. fs. WIND Pr 13:4; mpl. INN); Am 5:18 Nu 11:34 — desire, long for, lust after , of bodily appetites; for dainty food Nu 11:4 (E; sq. acc.cogn.) = w106:14, Nu 11:34 (E); sq. % Pr 23:3 Pe are Ec 6:2 (sq. acc.), v. also Pr 13:4 (abs. , subj. W)]); abs. of extreme thirst 2 S 23:15 = 1Ch 11:17; of king desiring the beauty (79?) of princess y 45:12 (sq. acc. ); of covetous man Pr 21:26 (sq. acc. cogn. ); obj. JY M2 Dt 5:18 (|| JOM); sq. inf. Pr 24:1 (of desiring evil companionship); obj. OV Am 5:18 ( acc. ; of presumptuous, reckless longing) cf. Je 17:16. ( Nu 34:7, 8 for INNA — Pi. of ANN — Di proposes INNN , & queries whether this & ONIN v_ 10 are

not from 1X , = desire for yourselves .)

C8 s 17 TWoT *°4* GK '°7] n. m. cstr. IN, Kt Pr31:4 desire ,so Thes MV ; but < Qr °N q.v.

+[ 28 s ' TwoT *° Gk *] n. f. desire —cstr. NIN Dt 12:15 +5 times;

sf. "MIN Ho 10:10 — desire, will , usually sq. WJ ; of natural human desire (morally indiff.), for meat Dt 12:15, 20, 21; of longing for sanctuary 18:6; of

royal good pleasure 1 S 23:20; without WJ, of wild-ass Je 2:24 ; of divine will Ho 10:10.

t WN S '8 GK 7 npr. m. (desire ?) one of five chiefs of Midian Nu 31:8 Jos 1321.

acc. cogn. acc. . of cognate meaning with verb.

+78 s °°” TwoT *° GK *°7] n. [ m. ]desire pl. cstr. YY IND y 140:9 .

Lf TNA s 87-8? TwoT 44 Gk 9794-9 nf. desire —abs. Gn 3:6 +; estr. NINA wy 10:3 + etc.;— 1. desire, wish Pr 13:12, 19; 18:1; of physical appetite, longing for dainty food val ta 'N Jb 33:20 ; distinctly good sense w 10:17; 38:10 Pr11:23, 19:22 (? of infr.) Is 26:8 (WAIN TIT NW? ); bad sense, lust, appetite, covetousness y 10:3 ('N 1W5]) 112:10; Pr21:25, 26 (as acc. cogn. ); particularly of longing for dainties of Egypt Nu 11:4 w 106:14 (both

acc. cogn. ) 78:30 & in n.pr. given to place where it occurred TINAD NINA (qv. ) Nu 11:34, 35; 33:16, 17 Dt 9:22 . 2. thing desired , in good sense Pr 10:24 so ja 'N w 21:3 ; bad sense yw 78:29 ; thing desirable (to senses) Gn 3:6 ( opy? N ); perhaps also Pr 19:22 the ornament of a man is his kindness (Ra_ Ki, etc. but cf. supr. )

II. PaaS geet TP wOT GK nae vb. sign, mark, describe with a TT 8

mark (so Ges (who compares 18,710) DI ''°("" )) only Hithp. Pf. 0? OMNI mark you out, measure , Nu 34:10 (P),so Vrss (cf. on? NDA v 7, 8; v. however Di, & sub 1. 18 ).— V. also[ NM] onp. 1061.

NIN s 2° TWOT 4! GK 23 n,m. 79 Ex 4:8 ( f. Jos 24:17) sign (Arabic , pl. , Aramaic NON , ) —'N Gn 4:15 +; estr. 9:12 +; pl MINN Ex 4:9 + ete—1. sign, pledge, token Gn 4:15 (J); MAX NN true token Jos 2:12 (J); of blood of

passover Ex 12:13 (P); m0 NX token for good w 86:17 ; pledges, assurances of travellers Jb 21:29 . 2. signs, omens promised by prophets as pledges of certain

predicted events 1S 10:7, 9 + v_ 1 where ’'N ins. B , vid. We Dr;

especially phr. ? MIND TT Ex 3:12 18 2:34; 14:10 2K 19:29 Je 44:29 Is 7:11 , 14; prob. also Is 44:25 (of false proph.). 3. sign, symbol of prophets Is 8:18 cf Ez 4:3 . 4. signs, miracles , as pledges or attestations of divine presence & interposition Ex 4:8 °?), 9 (J) 7:3 (P) 8:19 (J) w65:9; 74:9 2K 19:29; 20:8, 9 = Is 37:30; 38:7, 22; ¢. nwy Ex 4:17, 30 Nu 14:11, 22 Jos 24:17 (all JE) Dt 11:3 Ju6:17; ¢. WIN Ex 4:28 (J); c MW 10:1 (J); c OW Ex 10:2 (J) yw 78:43 Is 66:19; NDT) MIND (v. MDW Dt 13:3 cf 28:46 Is 20:3 DIN 'N Dt 13:2; ON NINN Dt 4:34; 7:19; 26:8; 29:2 Je 32:21; «. D1 Dt 6:22 Ne 9:10; c. OW Je32:20 w105:27; «. nw Dt 34:11 wy 135:9.

Ra Rashi.

5. signs, memorials , stones from Jordan Jos 4:6 (J); metal of censers Nu 17:3 (P

); Aaron’s rod Nu 17:25 (P); oviy 'N Is 55:13 prob. also Ez 14:8 (|| own ); signs on hands, etc., Ex 13:9, 16 (J) = Dt6:8; 11:18, prob. belong here; also

memorial pillar in Egypt Is 19:20 . 6. sign, pledge of covenant, Wad 'N (Cv. M72 ) e.g. rainbow, of Noachian covenant Gn 9:12, 13, 17 (P ); circumcision, of Abrahamic covenant Gn 17:11 (P ); the sabbath Ex 31:13, 17 (P) Ez20:12, 20 . 7. ensigns, standards Nu2:2 (P.) w 74:4. 8. signs, tokens of changes of weather

& times Gn 1:14 (P; of heavenly luminaries) PAWS NINN Je 10:2 (changes of the heavens as omens to frighten the nations) cf wy 65:9.

+ TIX Ss '% GK 7° npr. m. a Judean, Ne 3:25.

t NX S '88 TWOT * GK 7° interj. (onomatop.; cf. ) woe! an impassioned expression of grief and despair: usually with dative "? "IN Is 6:5 woe to me! for lam undone, so 24:16 Je 10:19; 15:10; 1? IN woe tous! 18 4:7, 8 Je 4:13; 6:4;

” NIT IN Je 4:31; 45:3 ; WY NIT-N La 5:16. With the 2nd or 3rd ps. often implying a denunciation; J?71N ANW Nu 21:29 ( = Je 48:46) Je 13:27 Ez 16:23 repeated JINN; Is. 3:9 OWDID AN v 11 Ho 7:13 (|| OF? TW) 9:12. With a voc. (or implicit accus.) Ez 24:6, 9 DAT VY “IN; absol. Nu 24:23 .Used asa subst. Pr 23:29 "48 79 (|| NIN 7).

: TAN 5 190 GK 210 = 54x wy 120:5 PAN.

IL IN TWOT *°* (to cry 38, howl cf. Arabic , to cry to be assumed prob. as

source of two foll. words ) .

i n.[ 78 S 336 , 337 , 338 , 339 TWOT 39a , 43a, 76,77 GK Dae neagerenee| n. m. jackal

( howler , for "1% v. Ba “® '**, cf Arabic , whence )— pl. OPN, Is 13:22; 34:14 Je 50:39 (inhabitant of desert, ruin).

TI reN Ss 4-34 TWoT *° GK 37:37! n. f. hawk, falcon, kite ( perhaps from

cry; cf, Arabic ,a kind of hawk ) Lv 11:14 Dt 14:13 generic, cf mn? & Di; Jb 28:7 (keen-sighted).

tae S 4’ TWOT *° GK °-°7! npr. m. (falcon ) 1.a Horite Gn 36:24 1Ch 1:40. 2. father of Rizpah 2S 3:7; 21:8, 10, 11.

t 7777 DN S'? GK *? npr. m. ( Bab. Avél ( Amél ) Maruduk, man of

Merodach ) son & successor of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, B.c. 562-60, 2 K 25:27 (v. COT) = Je52:31.

LPN twor 4 (be foolish, of, YN? , & Arabic grow thick (of fluids) ) .

DIN 5 91,193 pwoT “#45 GK 2!1-212.. adj. foolish —'N Jb 5:2 +: pl.

OPN y 107:17 +, etce.:— foolish, Pr 29:9 ('N WX) Ho 9:7 (pred. of prophet); cf. Is 35:8, elsewhere n. m. fool (always morally bad), who despises wisdom & discipline Pr 1:7; 15:5 ; mocks at guilt 14:9 ; is quarrelsome 20:3 ; licentious 7:22 ; itis folly & useless to instruct him 16:22 ; 27:22 (19 times Pr); cf also Je 4:22 Jb 5:2, 3 Is 19:11 w107:17.

+ “PIN s TWoT “® GK 2! adj. id. Ze 11:15.

nYiX S 7° TWOT “* GK 5 n. f. folly — abs. Pr 12:23 +; cstr. 14:8 +;

sf. YIN w 38:6 , etc.;— folly , special product of fabze (v. 202 ) Pr 12:23 + (12 times); c. O°NND Pr 14:18; c. O7IN only 16:22; 27:22 (cf 14:24) for alliteration. It is bound up in mind of boy, to be removed only by rod of discipline Pr 22:15 ; 'X personif. tears down house built by O°W] NIN Pr 14:1 ; it is contrasted with AIAN Pr 14:29; 15:21.

I. DN TWOT **, DN ( be in front of, precede, lead; v. Thes Né MBA 188° 714 SBA 1882, 1175 who comp. Arabic for , Targ. NOVN ; cf Sab. iN DEM Peer Penn 33.34 yon the other hand Lag &% PM & P10 & cub 1. FON infr. Arabic, etc., from

9

a Ve Lane. )

+L AN s 8 Twor 4:4 GK 22-24.215 7 a [ im. ] body, belly ; sf. O38 (in contempt) w 73:4 (lit. their front, prominent part ).

MBA Monatsbericht d. Berliner Akad. D. Wissenschaften .

DHM D. H. Miiller, Epigrophische Denkmaler, or Epigr. Denm. aus Arabien , or Epigr. Denkm. aus Arabien, or Epigr. Denkm. aus Abessinien

Lag P. de Lagarde, Orientalia .

t [IN S ' TWwoT *8:° GK 712-214-2157 a. [ m. ] leading man, noble ; pl. cstr. PINT QIN 2K 24:15 Kt (Qr “PN v. ul [ PN).

T. D7AN S197, 198.199 TWOT e°47 GK 719°220.221 9 om. 1K 7:8 porch (cf. OPN )—'N abs. 1K 6:3 +; 07% Ez 40:48, 49; cstr. OPIN 1K 7:6 +; D028 Ez 40:7 + (margin ODN LK, 12. 21); pl. este D2 Ez 41:15 (Co sg. c. sf. ;in Ez Co reads everywhere 07°N vid. OPN infr. — porch (only K Ch Ez & Jo). 1. in Solomon’s temple 1K 7:19 2 Ch 29:7, 010° 'N v_ 17; 8:12 (altar in front of); TI 'N 15:8 (id. ), of TAI Pz DING Pa Ez 8:16 & Jo2:17; 'S 220 1K 7:21; Mad'X v 12;'No MWIDM 1 Ch 28:11 . 2. in Sol.’s palace 1 K 7:8 7) OPYI'N 1K 7:6 cof v 6;NODT'N 7:7 = VBWAT'N v 7.3.in temple of Ezek.’s vision, partic. WWW 'N; Ez 40:7, 8,(del. Co vid. S B y9 ©) 15, 39, 40; 44:3; 46:2, 8; MAN 'N 40:48 cf v 48, 49; 41:25,

26 ; TNO MPR Ez 41:15 Co sg. PT WN) v. OPN —( um. OPIN, adv., v. p. 19.)

i; DIN g 197,198,199 TWOT “o°4? GK 71952205221 aor, im, only geneal. 1. 1 Ch 7:16, 17.2. 10h 8:39, 40.

1 PN s 32 TWOT 4-45-45. 458 GK 38038138 nm, Gn 22:13 ram (as

leader of flock, NHeb. & Aramaic id. , Assyrian ailu DI “ , Ph. SN ,= DON rather than DN , gq cise ) — PR (28) Gn 15:9 +; cstr. DON Bx 29:22 2 pl OPN, (OX, OPN) Gn 32:15 +; cstr. "PX Gn 31:38 Is 60:7 —ram,1.

used as food Gn 31:38 (E) Dt 32:14 (cf ram of sacrifice, infr. e.g. Ex 29:32 cf. Lv 8:31 ); as yielding wool 2 K 3:4 ; as tribute 2 Ch 17:11 ; as merchandise Ez

27:21 ; as gift Gn 32:15 (E); in sim. of leaping, skipping y 114:4 ( 17/29 Dd 'ND ) v_ 6; in Dn.’s vision, ram with two horns symbol. kings of Media and Persia Dn8:3,4, 6, 7 (x4) , 20; fig. of rich and powerful in Isr. Ez 34:17 . 2. slain in

ceremony of ratification of covenant betw. '" & Abr. Gn 15:9 (J); in Abr.’s sacrif. Gn 22:13 ‘“?)(E); Balaam’s sacrif. Nu 23:1 +5 times Nu 23 (JE); so in ritual ( P ), (a ) in consecration ceremony of Aaron & his sons Ex 29:1 + 15 times Ex 29 (

NO NPD v 22 cf v 26, 27, 31) Lv8:2 +8 times Lv8 (OD NPIT'N v 22, 29 M2 'YT'N v 18); (4) in guilt-offering (OWN) Lv 5:15, 16, 18, 25;

19:21, 22 cf Ezr 10:19 & DBD 'N Nu 5:8; (c ) burnt-offering ( 129) Lv 9:2 & Nul5:6, 11 & Ez46:4, 5, 6, 7, 11, on day of atonement Lv 16:3, 5,

x4 four times.

Pentecost 23:18 ; (d ) peace-offering ( ony ) Lv 9:4, 18, 19; beginning of month Nu 28:11, 12, 14 cf 29:2, 3; passover 28:19, 20 cf Ez 45:23, 24; day of firstfruits 28:27 , 28 ;in 7th month 29:8 +18 times Nu 29; (e) in law of Nazarite Nu 6:14, 17, 19;(/) in consecration of altar of tabernacle Nu 7:15 +25 times Nu7, cf. consecr. of Ezek.’s temple-altar Ez 43:23 , 25 ; (g ) more generally 1S 15:22 Is 1:11 Mi6:7 Jb 42:8 w 66:15, also Is 34:6; 60:7; at bringing ark to Jerus. 1 Ch 15:26; other occasions 29:21 2Ch 13:9; 29:21, 22,

32 Ezr 8:35; cf fig. Je 51:40 Ez39:18 .3, DOIN OPK NV Y rams’ skins dyed red , of covering of tabernacle Ex 25:5; 26:14 35:7, 23; 36:19 cf 39:34 (all P ).

Il. DN S 3? TWOT 4-2-4588 GK 380.381,382 Tom. ] projecting pillar or

pilaster —'X abs. 1K 6:31 (but v. infr.) cstr. id. Ez 40:14 (but del. Co) 16 (Co better YPN ); PN 41:3, ON 40:48 ; pl. OPN 40:14 +; 09% 40:10; sf. YOR Kt 40:9 +7 times; 9X Kt 40:29 +2 times Qr (in all) PPR, PIN; TDWI 40:16 ;— pilaster or projection in wall at each side of entrance (cf B6é Pope A ae ), in Sol.’s temple 1 K 6:31 ( Bé NA 525 reads OPN ), in Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:9, 10 + 14times Ez 40.41 + 40:14a Ew Hi Co ON cf.

B; 40:38 read OX so Sm Co cf ; 40:14b Co del. 'N.

+ I. [ PX S >? TWOT *84-#e-4F. 88 GK 380-381,382 97 nom. leader, chief ( =

ram, as leader of flock? cf’ Di Ex 15:15 Ol’ '?' Lag 9X! & vy. Ez34:17 ) — cstr. ON Ez 31:11; pl. cstr. TDN Ex 15:15 Ez 17:13 + 2K 24:15 Qr (Kt MAN v. DIN ); ON Ez 32:21 (del. Co, v. ).— leader, chief 2810 'N Ex 15:15; 780d 'S Ez17:13 2K 24:15 Qr; OA 'N Ez 31:11 (DON Jb 41:17 v. sub 1. - T2N; perhaps OPON Ez 31:14 but cf infr. Iv. DN & also ON Note 1).

7 iv [ PX S >? TWOT 84: #2-F 88 GK 380-381,382 97 nm. terebinth (prob.

as prominent, lofty tree, v. Di Gn 12:6; 14:6 ) —cstr. DN only npr. 2X JIND vid. infr.; pl. OPN Is 1:29; DON Is 57:5 cstr. TDN Is 61:3; sf. ODN Ez31:14 (> del. Co vid. B A ).—terebinth (cf, 728 ); as marking idol-shrines Is 1:29; 57:5 (so Che Di etc. > gods ); fig. of ransomed ones of Zion jTXa TDN: 61:3 ; perhaps of haughty ones Ez 31:14.

B6 F. Bottcher, Proben alttest. Schrifterklarung. NAF. Béttcher, Ahrenlese , or NeueAhrenlese . A Targum.

t JIN) DN S 3 GK 78° nupr.loc. ( terebinth (or palm? v. Di) of Paran ) town & harbour at head of Alanitic Gulf Gn 14:6 (v. Di); = 2X 36:41 ; NPN Dt2:8 2K 14:22; 16:6; NPN 1K 9:26 2K 16:6; close to Ezion Geber ( v. 133 PSY ).

al ODN ], always ON S °° GK °° n.pr.loc. ( = place of terebinths or other great trees, v. Di Gn 14:6 & Ex 15:27 (12 fountains & 70 palms) ) 2nd station of Isr. in desert after passing sea Ex 16:1 ‘*?) Nu 33:9, 10; TPN Ex 15:27 Nu 33:9 ; prob. = Wady Gharandel cf. Rob B® * 101,

+ 5 T2N s 74.5 TWOT 4h GK 451-4.463 nf terebinth ( = TPN (?) v. IV. PN> Sta Se 455 wh. derives from 28 = divine; but cf. ib. on lack of clear distinction betw. 728 TWN & WRK ) — Gn 35:4 + 15 times + TPN Gn 49:21 (for

MT ‘TPN v. infr. )—terebinth = Pistacia terebinthus , Linn , a deciduous tree with pinnate leaves & red berries; occasional in Palestine; grows to great age; always

of single tree; near Shechem Gn 35:4 (E) cf ft TPN Jos 24:26 (E, read TIX 2); Ophrah Ju 6:11, 19; in Jabesh 1 Ch 10:12 ; tree in which Absalom was caught 2 S

18:9?) 10, 14; v. also 1K 13:14; expressly of idol-shrine Ho 4:13 (|| S28, 12? ) Ez 6:13 ; as fading, withering, sim. of Judah Is 1:30 ; as hewn down, sim. id. 6:13 (|| TN); fig. of Naphtali ID2Y TPN Gn 49:21 ( Ew Ol Di > MT TPN hind q.v.) a slender terebinth, v. Di & cf. IL. T2X ; in topogr. designat. "Nit (PAY 18 17:2, 19; 21:10 (v. PAY).

apis T2N So WOT Gk ere n.pr. m. ( terebinth , co Gn

49:21 sub I. 728 ) 1. a chief of Edom Gn 36:41 = 1Ch1:52 ( = NPN n.pr.loc. ? v. Di) 2. son of Baasha; reigned two years in Isr. 1K 16:6, 8, 13, 14.3. father of Hoshea who was last king of Isr. 2 K 15:30; 17:1; 18:1, 9.4. ason of Caleb 1 Ch 4:15 °°). 5.ason of Uzzi 1Ch 9:8.

+. TDN s 586 TWor 4! GK 47-4? nf £ ]terebinth ( = 98) —'R

cstr. Gn 12:6 +4 times; pl. cstr. "J198 Gn 13:18 +3 times— terebinth (or other talltree, cf infr. on 1S 10:3 Ju 4:5 ), marking shrine, & hence used in topogr.

designations; min 'N ( teacher’s terebinth ) Gn 12:6 (v. Di)so Dt 11:30; 'X 0°12) ( conjurors’ tereb. ) Ju 9:37 ; distinguished by owner or ruler N07) 'N Gn 13:18; 14:13; 18:1; by neighbouring town Oyy)a( Ju4:11; cf DASA 'N

Linn C. Linnaeus ( Carl von Linne ).

Jos 19:33 (edd. JV? , but v. Norzi Baer Di); OJWA WN IRD 'N Ju 9:6 (cf T2N Gn 35:4); WIN 'N 1S 10:3 read WD 'N (& cf MDD PION Gn 35:8, & TDI WA Ju 4:5) cof Ew S83! Th Di Gn 35:8 (v. also sub TH?X ).

+. JIN s 3486 TWor 4 GK 47-4? apr. m. (= id. of TON mpr. ) 1. a son of Zebulun Gn 46:14 Nu 26:26. 2.7 2°% Gn 26:34; IPN 36:2 a Hittite, father-in-law of Esau. 3. TNX Ju 12:11, 12 ajudge of Isr., of tribe of Zeb. 4.

n.pr.loc. TPN Jos 19:43 a town of Dan; so 1 K 4:9 (where read’, 1°21 'X Th Klo ).

42 28 s “ GK 33 adj. gent. of WON 1. (as n. coll.) Nu 26:26.

t N?PX S > GK *” nopr.loc. ( lofty tree(s coll. ?) i.e. palms? cf Di Gn

14:6 ) town & harbour, N.E. arm of Red Sea, hence called Alanitic Gulf ( = Gulf of Akaba, from neighbouring fortress) Dt 2:8 2K 14:22; 16:6 (perhaps later

designat. for fuller JIND 2X qv.) = — Aiwv, Aida, Gr. Aidava, etc.; = 728 (2 Gn36:41 v. Di), NN infr.

tT nix S *? GK 3? nupr.loc. id. ( grove of lofty trees (palms?) ) 1K 9:26 2 K 16:6 2Ch8:17; 26:2 (cf TIND PN, NPN).

[ODN s **! TwoT *2 GK 3%] n. m. poreh ( = O73%, q.v. ; only Ez, where Co always for ovIN 5. Oh aidan ; Bo NA 929 makes OX vestibule , ON porch ) —ODX read for O° 2°X Ez 40:37 (so Sm Co); sf. WN Kt Ez 40:22 2) +4 times (Qr VPN) + 41:15 Co (for MT 2K); WIN Kt Ez 40:21 +6 times (Qr 1728 ).— Co all sg.:—pl. MYNX Ez 40:16 (Co sg.) v 30 (del. Co cf MSS. of % , B etc.,also Ew Hi Sm).— porch, of Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:16, 21 +13 times.

+ PN s rwor ** GK 35 n. [ m. ]( £ w 42:2) hart, stag, deer ( Aramaic id. , Arabic Assyrian ailu Dl W but dub., v. Hpt eee Ethiopic = leader? cf. DN . Arabic = ibex (ig. ).)'X abs. Dt 12:15 +6 times; pl. ODN Ct 2:9 +3 times;— hart, stag , allowed as food Dt 12:15, 22; 15:22 (all || "28 );

Norzi J.S. ben Abraham Norzi . % Hebrew (Consonantal Text). i.q. id quod, i. e. the same with.

14:5 (|| "AX, W777? etc.); eaten in Sol.’s household 1 K 5:3 (|| as Dt 14:5 ); sim.

of leaping Is 35:6; id. 'NiJ 1) Y Ct2:9, 17; 8:14 (all || "28 ); as in search of pasture, sim. of princes of Judah La 1:6 ; as longing for water, sim. of longing for " .

w 42:2.

+ TPN s 53 Twor * GK 37 n. £ hind, doe—'X abs. Gn 49:21 (but read TPN v. infr. ); nN Je 14:5 ; cstr. nN w22:1 Pr45:19; pl. NPN wy 29:9 + 4 times; cstr. NIPN Ct 2:7 ; 3:5 — hind, doe , as calving Jb 39:1 ( vray S|) 2V2 TZ VID) of 29:9 'N 7217" 7ip ; in adjuration 'ND IN NINDS2 TW Ct2:7; 3:5; in sim. "297 WW ND w 18:34 = 2922:34 of Mayr 'ND Hb 3:19 ie. surefooted, secure, cf || "ITY? °N D2 2Y) w 18:34 28 22:34; so Hb 3:19 but vb. "1277; metaph. of Naphtali Gn 49:21 AN2W 'X, but read

TPN , cf. subi. 2X ; in name of a melody yw 22:1 WWW NONI cf De, & for hind as fig. of dawn Yom.”°*.

t HPN S 7 GK **° nupr.loc. (Deer -field ) Aijalon —'X Jos 10:12 +8 times; TT DRX 1S 14:31 —1. city in Dan Jos 19:42 ; 21:24 (Levit. city) Ju 1:35; 1S 14:31 doubtless same; so 1 Ch 6:54 (where Dan om.); app. later in Benj. 1 Ch

8:13 2Ch11:10; 28:18 (v. Be); TWN j-7aY Jos 10:12 almost certainly named from same; = Epiph. IoAw, mod. Jdlo Rob ®* "| Survey '? . 2. city in Zebulun Ju 12:12.

+L [OPIN S 4-195 TWwor 4 GK 2!7:218] npr. fl. Ulai, Eulaeus ( Assyrian Uli , of DI °” Gr. Evhan0c ) only IN , river of Elam Dn 8:2, 16; = (at least in

lower part) mod. Kartin (old Pasitigris ) v. Di ™ '7"'*°°?? ; in upper part perhaps also = mod. Kerkhah ( = Choaspes), which was formerly connected with Karn not far from Susa ( Loftus Trav. & Researches, 423 ff Schaff-Herz. ili. 2178, art. Shushan 7,

Il. DIN gs 14195 pWwOT 4 GK 2!7-2!8 4, and (Gn 24:39) "PX adv. (perhaps from 1X & sy) = ”% : x? ,asin N91 , = ornot? ) 1. peradventure, perhaps ; usually expressing a hope, as Gn 16:2 Nu 22:6, 11; 23:3 18 6:5 Je 20:10; but also a fear

or doubt, as Gn 27:12 Jb 1:5, sq. 8 Gn 24:5 , 39;in mockery Is 47:12 Je 51:8.

2. followed by another clause Govvdétwe , it expresses virtually the protasis = if peradventure Gn 18:24, 28 (cf v 29-32) Ho 8:7 the blade shall yield no meal;

Survey Survey of Western Palestine (PEF). Loftus W. K. Loftus.

wy2> on ayy “DAN if perchance it yield strangers shall swallow it up. 3. in Nu

22733 ri) (q.v. ) must be read; unless she had turned aside from me, surely, etc.

I & Il. DIN er TWO ee GI er ae a Be npr. m. v. sub I. JN.

7 Il. O7N S 197-198. 199 TWOT #°47 GK 719-720. 221 and ( Jb 17:10, perhaps for

sake of assonance with following o?> ) OPN ady. but, but indeed , a strong adversative Jb 2:5; 5:8; 13:3 (where excellently oU pnv 5€ GAAG ). More usually

with }, D718) Gn 28:19 (cf Ju 18:29) 48:19 howbeit his younger brother shall be greater than he, Ex 9:16 but in very deed, Nu 14:21 (cf 18 20:3; 25:34) 1K 20:23 Mic 3:8 Jb 1:11; 11:5; 12:7; 13:4; 14:18; 17:10; 33:1.

L }] XN TwotT *:* ( cf. Arabic (med. ) be fatigued, tired , weariness, sorrow, trouble

JPhil. xvi. 300 . of, also Bey Pm vi 3002 |)

TN s 7°-7°° TWOT ** GK **-7? 5 n,m. Jb 5:6 trouble, sorrow, wickedness

—abs. Nu 23:21 +; sf. "18 Gn 35:18 etc.; pl. O°1X Ho 9:4 — 1. rouble, sorrow "J1X"}a son of my trouble or sorrow Gn 35:18 (E); 2 P¥?D TX WaT NX? Nu 23:21 (song of Balaam), he doth not behold trouble in Jacob ( || he doth not see mischief— 772Y —in Isr.); often || 29Y, w 7:15 ( WNam rds} lo he travaileth with trouble || “ev 727) viahs) 3) , yea he hath conceived misery & brought forth a lie), prob. thence Jb 15:35 (]8 77°) 299 7°77) = 18 59:4; of TRI 70Y w 10:7; 55:11; 90:10; Jb 4:8; 5:6 Is 10:1 (v. DY ); also JIN TVS)? m2 yqit Pr 22:8 the sower of iniquity shall reap trouble; in this sense elsewhere only Dt 26:14 Pr12:21 Je4:15 Hb3:7 Am5:5, pl. intens. DIN ON bread of trouble, sorrow , or mourning Ho 9:4 . 2. idolatry Ho 12:12 ; 19d ODI TIS stubbornness is idolatry & ( the use of ) teraphim 1 S 15:23 (poet. source); N’2 J]N Ho 4:15 (for ON 12 because Bethel, house of God, is given over to idolatry) so also 5:8; 10:5 cf 'X MWD Ho 10:8;'N NYPD Am 1:5 (Baalbek); 'X D372 read TIX ‘ 78 = On, Heliopolis Ez 30:17 ;— abstr. for concr. = idols Is 41:29; 66:3 . 3. trouble of iniquity, wickedness , ]}® "1) Jb 22:15 ;'N "WIN 34:36 = men of

trouble, troublers, wicked men; cf. '% W% Pr 6:12 Is 55:7; TIN Yd workers of trouble, evil-doers, workers of iniquity Jb 31:3 ; 34:8, 22 w5:6 + (16 times

chiefly late y) Pr 10:29; 21:15 Is31:2 Ho 6:8; ]]& MAWMN thoughts of trouble, wicked imaginations Pr 6:18 Is 59:7 Je 4:14; often of words & thoughts Jb 11:11 + (5 times) y 36:5 +(9 times) Pr 17:4; 19:28; 30:20 Is 29:20; 32:6; 58:9; 59:6 Ez11:2 Mi2:1 Hb1:3 Zc 10:2;89 Mt ISY1 JIN DOIN Is 1:13 [cannot bear iniquity with the solemn meeting (RV & most mod.; AV it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting ).

+ DIXA s 88 Twor “ GK °° n. [ m. ] toil Ez 24:12 NN27 'N she hath wearied (me or herself) with toil (but Co del. as dittogr. cf ).

Il. }] x Twot *:*” ( cf. Arabic (med. ) be at rest, at ease, enjoy life of plenty; one enjoying a life of ease, freedom from toil & trouble ) .

1 TIN § 202-203-204 TWwoT 4 GK 276-227-228 nom. vigour, wealth — abs. Ho 12:9, sf. "118 Gn 49:3 +etc.; pl. DN y 78:51 +. 1. manly vigour JX O77 ONTNN MW Ho 12:4 (of Jacob); PX MWN7 beginning of manly vigour Gn 49:3 (of Reuben, first-born of Jacob); Dt 21:17 w 105:36 (first-born of Egyptians), so 78:51, O18 MWR where 'N is assim. to O°7X72 , or intens. pl. 2. strength of man Jb 18:7, 12; behemoth Jb 40:16; pl. intens. D°2)N 2°) Is 40:26 because of the abundance of great strength (of God); of man Q°])% PX Is 40:29 one not having strength; D138 nonin Pr 11:7 hope in strength (not the hope of iniquity RV , or of unjust men AV ). 3. wealth Jb 20:10 Ho 12:9 ON SONS (|| CTW ).

7 I. marys TWOT “:” npr. m. ( vigour ) a chief of tribe of Reuben Nu 16:1.

WK 8 '%GR n.pr.loc. (vigorous , for J)2)8 ) city in Benjamin Ezr 2:33 Ne 7:37; 11:35 1 Ch 8:12; valley of same name Ne 6:2 ; prob. Kefr Anda, NW. of Lydda, Survey "7! ,

t oN S 78 GK 7! npr. m. ( vigorous ) . 1. chief of Horites Gn 36:23 1 Ch 1:40 . 2. chief of tribe of Judah 1 Ch 2:26, 28.

+ JN Ss? GK 2 npr. m. (vigorous ) son of Judah Gn 38:4, 8, 9; 46:12 | 2) Nu 26:19 ©) 1Ch2:3.

AV Authorized Version.

Ill. TN Goer WO Gk n.pr.loc. v. TX. NVIIN 2Ch8:18 Kt v. WAX subi. TIN.

t TDAN S *!° GK *? ( n.pr.loc. unknown & dub. ) whence came gold, 'N? Ant Je 10:9;'’N% ON D Dn 10:5;so Thes 1K 10:18 T9I AIT( TDva = 'N7 ); but Soxipoc , & 2Ch9:17 WAY, whence MV Klo make 153 Hoph. Pt. from TTD q.v. Klo reads DIX (q.v.) for DIN Je 10:9 Dn 10:5, in view of PDIX OND Is 13:12. crpt., v. Siegf Nov” '889 599: he expl. "NO Je 10:9 as error for TD 1 K 10:18, and’X Dn 10:5 as borrowed from Je 10:9; in Je 10:9 Gie reads 55ND, Du either this or T5172 (v. TTD ); read DIN perhaps also Dn 10:5 (Dr ).

DIN s 2!) TWOT ° GK 24-25 npr. Ophir —'N 1K 10:11 +; 7PDIN 9:28 +7DIN + Gn 10:29; VD XN + 1K 10:11 —1. npr. m. 11th son of Joktan Gn 10:29 (J) = 1Ch1:23; OUgep, Qoeeip , name of an Arabian tribe, vid. Gn 10:30 & Di. 2. n.pr.loc. (land or city S. or SE. from Palestine, exact position unknown, cf. infr. ; Loonpa, LoeEtpa, Lovgerp , etc.; Jb 28:16 ODgerp AC, cf 1K 22:49 A Qogepdse, B om. ) place whither Sol.’s ships went from Ezion Geber, bringing thence gold 1 K 9:28 — cf. 22:49—2 Ch 8:18 ; gold, almug- (sandal-?) wood & gems 1K 10:11 °°), cf 2Ch9:10; prob. 1 K 10:22 ref. to

same ships; they came once in 3 years with gold, silver, ivory, apes & peacocks (all from Ophir?); 2 Ch 9:21 makes these ships go to Tarshish (but on Tarshish-ships,

i.e. large, sea-going vessels, merchantmen, v. 1 K 22:49 & sub WWD ). 3. characteristic of fine gold (poet. & late) 'N ADT 1 Ch 29:4;'X OD Is 13:12 Jb

28:16 y 45:10. 4. hence for fine gold itself Jb 22:24 (|| 1¥2.)— (If2 = 1, the southern, prob. south-eastern, Arabia (cf Di Gn 10:29 ) furnished the gold; and

other articles, which point farther E. (e.g. to India, toward which the words 0°)?

apes & QO°°DN peacockes seem to lead), were either brought to Ophir by traders, & so found there by Sol.’s men, or were found elsewhere by the latter, whose cruise may have taken them beyond Ophir, the name of Ophir alone, as source of gold-supply, being preserved. If (less likely) 1 & 2 are not the same, the only data for determining loc. of 2 are the articles brought, & one may look toward India, Ceylon or other islands, or even lower Africa. Particular theories have as yet no adequate support; e.g.

Siegf C. Siegfried. ThLZ Theol. Literaturzeitung. Gie F. Giessebrecht.

(a) old city Supara , or Uppara , in the region of Goa, Malabar coast ( cf: supr.

2, but also 1 ; form with X said on Copt. authority to denote India, v. Jablonskii

Opuse. ed. te Water. 337. GF also Jos “* “"'%4 ; in that case its use by may indicate a

theory of the location of Ophir); (6 ) peninsula Malacca; (c ) island Sumatra; (da)

Sofala , with city Zimbabye (SE. Africa); ( e ) west coast of Arabia (where gold & silver formerly found), etc. On these & other theories, v. Di Gn10:29 Ri ae

Herzog, Smith VEC EDs cf. Glaser Skizze it, 367 ff. Wry AS4 Eur 111 identifies with

Egypt. Pvnt , on W. coast of Red Sea ) .

cal Vis S 73 TWOT *! GK aa vb. press, be pressed make haste — Qal Pf.

YN Jos 10:13; 17:15; °A¥N Je 17:16 Pt. YR Pr 19:2 +3 times Pr; DSN Ex 5:13

;— 5. press, hasten (trans. but obj. not expr.) Ex 5:13 (E). 6. (intr. ) be pressed,

confined, narrow Jos 17:15 DDR “7d a? TX 7D. 7. hasten, make haste , sq. 3+ Inf, Jos 10:13 xia? TX NOG, of sun); Pr 28:20 wy? 'N sq. JO Je17:16 'N Nae)

MINA; sq. 2 (of particular in wh. one hastens) Pr 19:2 ( O79 y: 29:20 (OP 32)

22:4 — hasten ( tr.) sq. 2 Gn 19:15 (J); sq. 9+ Inf. 'RATIN NTI? Is 22:4. (May be Qal Impf., & vb. 79.)

[VIN s 25:26 tWoT 52:5 GK 239-249 4,5 vb. be or become light ( cf. Arabic enkindle , oe ( Nasar .) Aph. illumine, & deriv. in Assyrian )— Qal Pf. 118 Gn 44:3. +; 77 8 1S 14:29; Impf. 3 fpl. J] 81 1S 14:27 Qr; Pt. VN Pr 4:18 ( Ges § ?®!). Imv. fs. TN Is 60:1 ;— become light, shine of sun (especially in early morn.) Gn 44:3 (J) 18 29:10 Pr4:18 Is 60:1; of eyes (owing to refreshment) 1 S

14:27 (2)? Niph. Impf. VN?) 2S 2:32; Inf. c. TWN? Jb 33:30; Pt. TWN] w 76:5 —become lighted up of day-break 2 S 2:32 ; by light of life, revival Jb 33:30 ; by light

of glory, enveloped in light wy 76:5 . Hiph. Pf. Ni) Ex 25:37, etc.; Impf. VX? Jb 41:24 +; 8? Nu 6:25 +; VW?) yw 118:27 +, ete.; Imv. WWI w 80:20 +, 078d wy 31:17 +; Inf. PRI Gn 1:15 +; Pt. VPRO Pr 29:13; NDNA y 19:9; NIV Is

27:11 — 8. give light , of sun, moon & stars Gn 1:15, 17 (P._), of moon Is 60:19 ; of

pillar of fire ( sq. 2) Ex 13:21; 14:20 (both JE) yw 105:39 Ne9:12, 19; of sacred lamp Ex 25:37 Nu 8:2 (both P); fig. of the words of God yw 119:130 . 9. lightup,

Dict. Bib. Smith, Dictionary of Bible. Glaser E. Glaser, skizze der Geschichte u. Geographie arabiens . WMM W. Max Miiller, Asien u. Europa .

cause to shine, shine , sq. acc. valid O° 2 1X lightnings lighted up the world w 77:19; 9734; abs. YIND 17 2D9 ANI Ez 43:2 ; the earth shined with his glory (of theophany); of leviathan, which makes path shine behind him Jb 41:24; OD 122 YR? night shineth as day w 139:12 . 10. light alamp yw 18:29 ; wood Is 27:11 ; altar(- fire) Mal 1:10. 11. lighten , of the eyes, DY VWNiI , subj. , his law, etc. Pr 29:13 y 13:4; 19:9 Ezr 9:8 . 12. make shine , of face of God PORN PID" WN? Yahweh make his face shine upon thee Nu 6:25 (priest’s blessing), reappearing w 31:17 (sq. “OY ), 67:2 (sq. “NN ), 80:4, 8, 20; 199:135 (sq. 2), Dn 9:17 cf w 4:7; without O75 ( sq. 2) w 118:27; once, of face of man, Ec 8:1 YPN ON NADI VID the wisdom of a man lighteth up his face .

TAN s 25-26 pwor 2°58 GK 739-215, £ Jb 36:32; Je 13:16; cf Gn1:3 light ( Assyrian urru = viru DIY ) —abs. Gn 1:3 +; estr. Ju 16:2 +; sf. “UN y 27:1, etc.; pl. DVN yw 136:7 — 1. light as diffused in nature, light of day Gn 1:3, 4, 5 (P) Jb3:9; 38:19 +. 2. morning light, dawn , V2 39 TN light of the morn. Ju 16:2 1S 14:36; 25:34, 36 2S 17:22 2K7:9 Mi2:1 ;72 2 'N 2 S 23:4 (poem of David); NI" TY Ju 19:26 (cf Ve av TY v 25); TiN? Jb 24:14; OPT MRA TY WINN from dawn till mid-day, Ne 8:3 cf. Pr 4:18 .3. light of the heavenly luminaries; 7270 'N , || T7200 'N moonlight & sunlight \s 30:26 ; TIX DDI stars of light wy 148:3 ; WN "IN luminaries of light Ez 32:8 ; OWN = DNA w 136:7; so TNT DY in sunshine Is 18:4 ; the sun itself Jb 31:26 . 4. daylight D°YW7 VX light of the wicked Jb 38:15 (their work-day being the night); TiN OV a day of light Am 8:9 ( = aclear, sunshiny day). 5. lightning Jb 36:32; 37:3, 11, 15 cf Hb3:11.6. light of lamp Pr 13:9 Je 25:10; of

crocodile’s hot breath Jb 41:10. 7. light of life OT '% Jb 33:30 w 56:14; cf VN Jb 3:16, 20.8. light of prosperity Jb 22:28 ; 30:26 w97:11 La3:2 .9. light of

instruction VX min} S87) TV] Pr 6:23 the commandment is a lamp and instruction a light; so the Messian. servant is O14 VN Is 42:6; 49:6; cf DAY 'N Is 51:4 ; the advent of Mess. is shining of great light Is 9:1 ?) . 10. light of face O°15 WN = bright, cheerful face (of men) Jb 29:24 ; betokening king’s favour Pr 16:15 (cf OPPY 'N w 38:11 ); of God = his shining, enlightening, favouring face w 4:7; 44:4; 89:16. 11. Yahweh is NITY? ’N Is 10:17 , as source of enlightenment & prosperity; light & salvation w 27:1 ; light to guide Mi7:8 cf w

43:3 ; everlasting light of Zion, instead of sun & moon Is 60:19 , 20 ; house of Jacob is to walk in his light Is 2:5 .

+ LATIN S27 TWOT > GK 745-46 n. f. light (late, Mish. id. , of Aramaic 838 evening-light, moon-light, star-light , etc. ) 1. light (opp. 12°WT )

y 139:12 . 2. light of joy & happiness Es 8:16; pl. intens. NINN light of life Is 26:19 (light that quickens dead bodies as dew the plants Ew Hi De Che Di

RVm; vid. Br“? 3% cf O° WN; but Ki Ges MV Bé RV transl. herbs ).

4. [TIN s 2° TwoT °° GK 45:74) nf. herb (so Mish., Ges of YR1, Arabic = lights & flowers, & Sam. WW? = NWI of Gn 1:11, 12 ) only pl. NN herbs 2K 4:39 (cf Is 26:19 supr. sub 1. TiN ).

$1 TANS 717-218.224 pwoy 4 GK 241.242.243.248 9 on flame. TIND 197 OQWN walk in the flame of your fire Is 50:11 , & so fire itself, whose light & flame were seen 44:16; 47:14 —exile Is. + 31:9 & Ez5:2 (Co WR).

T ON S74 GK n. [ m. | pl. region of light, East Is 24:15 (so Ges MV Ew De Di RV; Lo Hi Kn Che read QN = coasts , so Cdd. i

mostly om. B in doctrina, thinking of Urim , vid. Br Mae ) :

t aoe TWOT °* n. m. Urim (pl. inten mostly c. art. the Urim , and

and thy Urim has the man ar hy oe Le. . the Levite tested at Massali & Meribah; 0°79) ONT were putinto the VBWAT Ww Ni of the high priest Ex 28:30 Lv 8:8 (P ); this 14 1 (q.v. ) was a little bag or pouch worn on breast of high priest, to hold the Urim & Thummim; the name 0DW7)J 'T was given because of decisions made by that which was within it; thus, Eleazar was to inquire of "’ for Joshua OVNT VBWAA Nu 27:21 (P+); Saul prayed OJIN 129, opp. DAN TWIN, 18 14:41 ,so We Dr (MT om. former, and reads O°72F) in latter); '° did not answer Saul O°)1N2 , or by dreams or prophets 1 S 28:6; post-ex. Jews reserved difficult questions until there stood up a priest 0°77?) OTN) Ezr 2:63 Ne 7:65 (here alone without art.) These passages give little information; SHAMoIc Kal

2, r . . . Hi r Ant. iii, 8, 9 dane, B doctrina et veritas , Sym Pwtiopol Kai teAeiotyHTEs ; Jos “

thinks of the twelve gems of face of bag as giving decision by shining; Philo Y" M°* ™ RVm Revised Version margin.

B6 F. Bottcher.

Lo R. Lowth.

post-ex. post-exilic.

thinks of two small images ('X & 'Tl ), prob. embroidered in the cloth of the bag, like oracle-images of Egypt ( Diod I, 48, 75 Aelian Var. Hist. 14, 34 ); Ew Gesch. iii, 309; Antiq. 295 ,

of two stones of different colours for sacred lot, on this v. Dr 1S 14:41 where ON & OA as obj. of give, &6¢ = TIT; cf WNT v 42,7271 v 41 (used of taking by lot 10:20 Jos 7:14, 16); v. also We & RS EI Desa «akg Symbolik of one thing within bag, a sacred pledge to high priest of the enlightenment &

perfection he would receive from "’ when called to make sacred decisions; Ka Ex 544 sees the sacred pledge in the twelve sacred gems themselves, that stimulate priest to self-sacrifice & perfect sanctification.

+o VIN S 717-718.224 PwoOT 4 GK 741 242.243,244 oye im (flame ) father of one of David’s heores 1 Ch 11:35 (i. VIN npr.loc. v. infr.)—m. VX in VX O°FWD Ur of the Chaldees Gn 11:28, 31; 15:7 Ne 9:7.

+ NS 7! GK *7 npr. m. (fiery, or contr. for me AN ) 1. prince of Judah Ex 31:2; 35:30; 38:22 1Ch2:20 2Ch1:5;2.a porter Ezr 10:24 ; 3. father of an officer of Solomon 1 K 4:19.

‘i INOTN S 7 GK *8 npr. m. (flame of El or my light is El, v. 2X sub 78 > cf Ph. JON in Assyrian Urumilki (Sen 19' C450 of COT 2K 18:13)

) 1. chief of Levit. line of Kohath, in time of David 1 Ch 6:9; 15:5, 11.2. maternal grandfather of Abijah 2 Ch 13:2.

AN S °° GK * npr. m. (flame of Yah or my light is Yah v. 7?) . 1. Hittite husband of Bathsheba 2 S$ 11:3f; 23:39 . 2. priest in reign of Ahaz Is 8:2 2K 16:10f. 3. priest in time of Nehemiah Ezr 8:33 Ne3:4, 21; 8:4.

t We VN S 73 GK >? npr. m. ( flame of Yahweh or my light is Yahweh v. 117° ) a prophet slain by Jehoiakim Je 26:20.

t “PX? S 2° GK #8! npr. m. (he enlightens , or one giving light ) . 1. son of Manasseh Nu 32:41 ‘7? Dt 3:14 ©?) Jos 13:30 1K 4:13 1Ch2:22, 23.2.a judge in Gilead Ju 10:3, 4, 5.3. father of Mordecai Est 2:5 .

Diod Diodorus Siculus.

Antiq. H. Ewals, Antiquities

RS W. Robertson Smith, Old Testament in Jewish Church. Bahr K. C. Bahr, Sybolik des Mosaischen Cultus.

Sen Sennacherib.

+ 7 PR? adj. gent. Jairite 2 S 20:26.

tT TN s ° TWOT *™ GK “°! n. m. Iuminary — abs. Gn 1:16 +; cstr. TN Pr 15:30 +; pl. NWN) Gn 1:15; TNA v 14, 16; cstr. "ND Ez 32:8 — light, light-bearer, luminary, lamp , of sun & moon Gn 1:14, 15, 16 ‘??( P) Ez 32:8; moon wy 74:16 ; TiN NI 3 the lamp-stand of the luminary or light (where '- O77 is sum of seven sacred lamps on golden lamp-stand) Ex 35:14 ‘*), 28 ; 39:37 Nu4:9, 16, cf Ex 25:6; 27:20; 35:8 Lv 24:2 (all P); Oopy-Tinna an? Pr 15:30 the luminary of the eyes ( = the eyes as a lamp) gives the light

of joy to the heart; J?}3 VN) y 90:8 the luminary of thy face (thy face as a lamp) in the light of which the secrets are exposed.

+[ JN Ss °° TWOT °? GK “| n. f. light-hole —only cstr. NAN) —=

den of great viper Is 11:8, cf VIN Mish. Ohaloth 13:1 (others eye-ball Ew De Di).

fom. VIN S 2717-218.224 TwoT 4 GK 741.242.243.244 nov loc. Ur ( Bab. Uru; seat of moon-god worship; hence Eupolemos in Euseb"™°? — "7 says Kapapivn fv twas Aéyew nOAw OUpinv ) , ancient city in Southern Babylonia; OT always 7X

fab irpo) , i.e. Ur of the Kasdim (Chaldeans) v. ows sub TWD ; home of Terah, Abram’s father, & A.’s point of departure for departure for Mesopotamia & Canaan Gn 11:28; 15:7 (both J), & hence Ne 9:7; also Gn 11:31 (P )}—mod. Muqayyar , south of Euphrates, c. 150 miles SE. of Babylon; v. KG **! DI ™ 7°! COT on Gn 11:28.

NIN s 7 Twor % GK “4° vy, APN sub L TIN.

ADIN v. 1728. awactys S > TWOT > GK **?] vb. only Niph. Impf. consent, agree ( cf. Rab. NN] Niph. Pt. especially enjoying NHWB “*) sq. ? Gn 34:22 WY INN; v 15

O29 MINI; v 23 ODP ANINI: sq. Inf 2K 12:9 INN AOD NAP onyay m9 27.

KG E. Schrader, Die Keilinschr. und die Geschichtsforschung .

NN s 2% TWoT *" GK 23 v. LON.

TX Ss °7-? TWOT * GK *°-*? adv. ( cf , : also Biblical Aramaic PTX ,

proposes a subst. = time: see TN/ ) at that time, then , whether expressing duration, or inception ( = thereupon ). 1. strictly temporal: a. of past time:—without averb Gn 12:6; 13:7 Jos 14:11 28 23:14; witha pf. Gn4:26 Ex 4:26 Jos

10:33 Ju8:3; 13:21 Je 22:15 99 2iU TX then was it well tohim(cf v 16 Ho 2:9 ); more usually (especially when = thereupon ) with an impf. (v. Dr ‘ *’) Ex 15:1 Nu21:17 Jos 8:30: 10:12; 22:1 1K 3:16; 8:1; 9:11 (v. Dr ™ '”) al. b. of fut. time (usually where some emph. is intended), with impf. Is 35:5, 6; 60:5 Mi 3:4, rather differently Lv 26:41 1S 20:12; rarely with pf. 2S 5:24b ( will have gone forth) Is 33:23 : with an accompanying logical force, implying the fulfilment of a condition, then = if or when this has been done (with the impf. ) Gn 24:41 Ex 12:44, 48 Dt29:19 Jos 1:8 186:3 Is58:8, 9 Je11:15 Hi Ke yw

19:14; 51:21 Pr3:23 Jb 11:15; 13:20; 22:26 .c. in poetry TX is sometimes used to throw emphasis on a particular feature of the description Gn 49:4 Ex 15:15 Ju 5:8, 11, 13, 19, 22 Is 33:23; 41:1 Hb1:11 w2:5; 96:12. d. it points back

with emphasis to an inf. with D 2S 5:24a yw 126:2 °°) Jb 28:27; 33:16;to OVA Nid (anomalously) 1 Ch 16:7 . 2. expressing logical sequence strictly: in the apod.:—after ON (rare) for sake of special emphasis Is 58:14 Pr2:5 Jb 9:31; = in that case , after 1? or N21? 2 S 2:27 hadst thou not spoken, TX °D surely then had the people, etc. 19:7 yw 119:92 ; after "PN 2K 5:3 w119:6; after a suppressed

protasis 2K 13:19 Jb 3:13 ”% ma? nw? I had slept, then were there rest for me; Jos 22:31 (strangely) = now, as things are; Ec 2:15 = that being so . (122 times

besides TN7 and TX77/) . Seldom used except where some special emphasis is desired.

‘Then’ of AV RV more commonly represents } , especially in the apodosis.)

+ TXQ TWOT 8 ( cf), once ( Je 44:18 ) TR7W) , lit. from that time: used (a) absol., as adv. = in time past, of old , whether of a nearer 2 S 15:34 Is 16:13, or of aremoter past Is 44:8; 45:21; 48:3, 5, 7, 8 w93:2 Pr 8:22;(6) with foll. gen. or relat. clause, as prep. or conj. = from time of, since . With subst. Ru 2:7

2 30 TN from time of morning y 76:8 ; with infin. Ex 4:10 727 TN since

thy speaking unto thy servant; with finite vb. Gn39:5 Ex 5:23 "1 °NN2 TN) and since I came unto Pharaoh, etc. 9:24 Jos 14:10 Is 14:8 Je 44:18.

t TN Ss *? TWOT ™* GK * = TX (prob. a dialectic form; cf Aramaic TS ) then, in that case y 124:3, 4, 5, in apod. after 379 : of TR w119:92.

Dr S. R. Driver, Introduction to Literature of O. T.

t *2TN S ”° GK *°° npr. m. father of one of David’s men 1 Ch 11:37 (where *INTTZ = PDINT 2S 23:35).

+ 2IIN s 2! TWOT * GK 27 n. m. 1K5:13 hyssop ( Mish. ITN, Aramaic , Arabic Frey ., Ethiopic Ucownoc , herb of purging qualities, but perhaps not precise botanical term, v. Di Lv 14:6f, also Léw ”° ) prob. a kind of wild marjoram ( origanum Maru ) Post "st PB HYSS°P __'& abs. Ex 12:22 + 4 times; TIN Lv 14:4 + 4 times;— hyssop